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Victory in the Wilderness: Jesus, the New Adam ✝️ As we enter Lent, we reflect on Jesus' triumph over temptation in the wilderness—a victory that reverses Adam’s failure. Where the first Adam fell, Christ, the New Adam, stood firm, paving the way for our redemption. His example teaches us how to resist temptation through prayer, fasting, and trust in God. Victory in the Wilderness: Jesus, the New Adam As we begin our Lenten journey, the Gospel for today invites us into the wilderness, where Jesus fasts and is tempted by the devil. This moment marks the beginning of His mission as the Saviour of the world. The wilderness, both a geographical location and a symbol of testing, is the place where Israel once failed but where Jesus triumphs. While Moses and the Israelites succumbed to temptation in the desert, Jesus emerges victorious, undoing the failure of humanity and inaugurating a renewed creation. This victory is also deeply connected to Adam, the first man. In the Book of Genesis, Adam was tempted in the Garden of Eden, surrounded by abundance, and yet he failed by giving in to Satan’s deception. In contrast, Jesus, the New Adam, faces temptation in the desolation of the wilderness, yet He remains faithful to God. Where Adam's disobedience led to the fall of humanity, Christ’s obedience paves the way for redemption. As St. Ambrose reflects, "As the first Adam was cast out of paradise and driven out into the wilderness, the second Adam came out of the wilderness and entered paradise. The damage is repaired by walking back over the same steps, and the divine order is restored by the return to origins." The First Temptation of Jesus The temptations of Christ are not random trials but direct challenges to His identity and mission. The first temptation appeals to the flesh: "Turn these stones into bread." The devil seeks to undermine Jesus’ trust in the Father by urging Him to use His divine power for His own needs. But Jesus responds with the Word of God: "Man shall not live by bread alone." This reminds us that our deepest hunger is not physical but spiritual, and only God can satisfy the longings of the human heart. The Second Temptation of Jesus The second temptation offers Jesus all the kingdoms of the world in exchange for worship of Satan. This is a test of power. The devil proposes an easier path—one without the Cross. But Jesus refuses to compromise. True kingship comes not from dominion but from obedience to God. He declares, "You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him alone shall you serve." Third Temptation of Jesus The third temptation takes place at the pinnacle of the Temple. The devil urges Jesus to throw Himself down, suggesting that God will surely save Him. This is the temptation of presumption—demanding that God act on our terms. Jesus rebukes the devil: "You shall not put the Lord your God to the test." Faith is not about manipulating God but surrendering to His will. Luke presents these temptations in an order that culminates in Jerusalem, the city where Jesus will complete His mission. The battle does not end in the desert; the devil will return at an "opportune time." That moment comes in the Passion, where Christ, through obedience unto death, wins the definitive victory over sin and Satan. Lessons for Our Lenten Journey What does this passage teach us today? First, it reminds us that temptation is part of the Christian journey. Jesus was tempted, but He overcame by standing firm in God's Word. This is our weapon too. Second, it shows us that the devil always offers shortcuts—comfort without sacrifice, power without servanthood, glory without the Cross. But Jesus teaches us that true victory comes through faithfulness, not compromise. Finally, the passage calls us to rely on prayer and fasting. Jesus fasted for forty days, showing us that spiritual discipline strengthens us against the enemy. As we enter Lent, let us follow Jesus into the wilderness—not in fear but in faith. With Him, we can overcome temptation. With Him, we can triumph over sin. And with Him, we will one day enter the true Promised Land—the eternal paradise of God. Amen.

Pope Francis, 88, is undergoing intensive treatment for pneumonia and respiratory issues. His condition remains serious, but he is alert and receiving ongoing care. The global Catholic community unites in prayer for his recovery Pope Francis' Health Pope Francis, the 88-year-old leader of the Catholic Church, has faced a significant health decline over the past few days. Initially admitted to Rome's Gemelli Hospital on February 14, 2025, for bronchitis, his condition rapidly worsened, progressing to bilateral pneumonia. The Vatican’s health update on February 22 revealed that Pope Francis had suffered a prolonged asthmatic respiratory crisis, which required immediate and intensive medical intervention, including high-flow oxygen therapy and blood transfusions to address his worsening condition of anemia. Despite these treatments, Pope Francis remains in a serious condition, though he is still alert and has been seen sitting up. Medical experts remain cautious about his prognosis, though his ongoing care continues to be prioritized at the hospital. The Vatican has stated that his public engagements have been suspended for the time being, and there are no immediate plans for his return to public duties. During this challenging time, the global Catholic community has united in prayer for the Pope’s swift recovery. Special prayer services and masses have been held in Catholic Churches all over the world. Many faithful have expressed concern for the Holy Father, showing solidarity through various religious observances and prayers, hoping for his health to improve. Pope Francis continues to receive intensive medical care from a team of doctors and specialists. The Vatican has assured the public that all efforts are being made to stabilize his condition. For now, his health remains the focus, with updates expected as the medical team monitors his progress closely. As the situation develops, the Catholic Church and millions of its followers around the world are watching closely and praying for the Pope’s strength and recovery.

Be a best version of yourself Assistant Priest at St. Vincent De Paul Church, Khar for 7 years Assistant Priest at Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church, Borivli West for 5 years Parish Priest at Our Lady of Forsaken Church, Malwani Colony, Malad West, for 6 years Assistant Priest at St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral Parish, Christchurch (NZ) since November '22 Assistant Priest at Holy Name Parish, Timaru, NZ since February '24 Faith Formation and Outreach Programme Course on Catholic Apologetics Course on Evangelisation Course on New Religious Movements Course on "How to live an Abundant Life Retreats for different groups Seminars on Scriptures and Theological Topics Course on Different Methods of Prayers drawn from Church tradition Course on Memory Techniques to School students

Reflection on Jesus' teachings in Luke 6:39-45 for the Eighth Sunday in Ordinary Time (Year C). Explore the dangers of spiritual blindness, the need for humility, and how our actions reveal the true state of our hearts. Discover the call to true discipleship, self-examination, and bearing good fruit in our daily lives True Discipleship – Walking in the Light of Christ Today’s Gospel presents us with profound wisdom about discipleship, self-examination, and the true measure of a virtuous life. Jesus warns against spiritual blindness, hypocrisy, and the dangers of judging others while failing to recognize our own faults. He reminds us that our actions and words flow from the depths of our hearts, just as a tree is known by its fruit. Let us reflect on three key lessons from today’s reading. 1. The Blind Leading the Blind: The Need for True Spiritual Vision Jesus asks, "Can one blind man guide another? Surely both will fall into a pit?" (Luke 6:39). This is a sobering warning for those who take on the responsibility of leading others, whether as parents, teachers, priests, or mentors. The disciples of Jesus were to be the future teachers of the world, and so they needed to be enlightened by divine wisdom. How can one who lacks knowledge, virtue, and holiness guide others towards the truth? A disciple is not greater than his teacher, but he must strive to be like his teacher. If we claim to be followers of Christ, we must follow His example of humility, mercy, and love. St. Paul reminds us: “Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ.” (1 Cor 11:1). If Christ does not judge but instead shows mercy, why should we judge? If we struggle with sin and yet try to correct others, we are like the blind leading the blind. First, we must allow Christ to heal our spiritual blindness before we can lead others. 2. The Splinter and the Plank: The Danger of Hypocrisy Jesus then asks, "Why do you observe the splinter in your brother’s eye and never notice the plank in your own?" (Luke 6:41). The image is striking. A small speck of dust compared to a massive wooden beam—this is how Jesus describes our tendency to judge others while ignoring our own serious faults. The plank represents grievous sin, while the splinter symbolizes minor faults. How often do we magnify the shortcomings of others while excusing our own failures? This is especially relevant for those in positions of authority. A preacher who condemns minor sins while neglecting his own is a hypocrite. True self-knowledge is essential. As St. Augustine says, “Lord, let me know myself, and let me know Thee.” Before we try to correct others, we must first purify our own hearts. Jesus does not say we should never correct others, but that correction must come from a place of humility and love, not self-righteousness. 3. A Tree and Its Fruit: The Heart as the Source of Good or Evil Jesus uses a powerful image: "There is no sound tree that produces rotten fruit, nor again a rotten tree that produces sound fruit." (Luke 6:43). The fruit of a tree tells us what kind of tree it is, just as our actions reveal the state of our hearts. Our external religious practices mean nothing if our hearts are not pure. As St. Teresa of Avila says, "What matters is not whether we wear a religious habit, but whether we live according to God’s will." What fills our hearts will overflow into our words and deeds. If our hearts are filled with bitterness, pride, and anger, our actions will reflect that. If they are filled with love, humility, and mercy, we will bear good fruit. True holiness is not just about words but about perseverance in good works. St. Ambrose reminds us, "The one who hears the Gospel but does not put it into practice denies Christ. The true witness is the one who fulfills His commandments." Conclusion: Living as True Disciples of Christ Dear brothers and sisters, today’s Gospel challenges us to examine our hearts and our way of life. Are we spiritually blind, trying to guide others without first seeking the light of Christ? Do we judge others harshly while ignoring our own faults? Are our hearts truly aligned with God’s will, bearing good fruit? Let us seek self-knowledge, practice humility, and strive for inner purification so that we may truly follow Christ and lead others to Him. May our hearts be filled with His love so that our words and actions may reflect His truth.

Welcome to the Question & Answer page, where faith meets clarity! Here, we address common questions about Christianity, the Bible, Church teachings, and spiritual life. Whether you're seeking deeper understanding or looking for answers to tough questions, explore insightful responses rooted in Scripture and tradition. Question and Answer Mary and Saints Why do Catholics pray to Saints? Is it biblical to ask the saints in heaven to pray for us? Catholics say yes, since we are all part of the communion of saints. As the word suggests, the communion of saints refers to the bond of unity among all believers, both living and dead, who are committed followers of Christ. In Christ, we are made part of God’s family (1 Tim 3:15), children of God (1 John 3:1), joint heirs with Christ (Rom 8:17), and partakers of the divine nature (2 Pet 1:4). This family communion of saints is known to Catholics as the Mystical Body of Christ. We are joined in a supernatural union as members of Christ’s own body, and thus as members of one another. Each of us participates in the divine life of Christ Himself. INTERCESSORY PRAYER What we have said about the communion of saints gives us the biblical reasons why Catholics ask the saints to intercede for them: (1) All Christians are members of Christ’s body and one another (Rom 12:5 and many others). (2) Jesus has only one body (Eph 4:4; Col 3:15). (3) Death cannot separate Christians from Christ or from one another (Rom 8:35-39). (4) Christians are bound in mutual love (Rom 12:10; 1 Thess 5:11; Gal 6:2). We are members of Christ’s one body, united in His divine life even beyond the grave, and concerned for each other’s salvation and growth in God’s family. In that union, we call for help and support from our older brothers and sisters who have already won their crown of glory. Just as in our human families we naturally turn to our siblings for aid and example, how much more should we turn to our supernatural family for help and inspiration. 1 Timothy 2:5-6 says, “For there is only one God and there is only one mediator between God and mankind, himself a man Christ Jesus.......” Does this not mean that there is no need for the intercession of the Saints? Are Catholics going against Scripture by asking Mary and other Saints to intercede for us? The Catholic Church believes that Jesus is the only mediator between God and man. But that does not exclude the mediation of others. In fact, the immediate context of 1 Timothy 2 shows the need for Christians to pray for others, exactly as Catholicism teaches. Let us look at the immediately preceding verses of 1 Tim. 2:1-5: “First of all, then, I urge that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made for all men…This is good, and it is acceptable in the sight of God our Savior….For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus”. So, in the immediate context Paul urges people to pray for others. So obviously this text does not mean people should not intercede for others. When we pray to Saints, we are only asking them to pray for us. The intercession of the saints whether in heaven or earth does not rule out Christ’s universal mediation. Their mediation is not a replacement of Christ’s redemption. It could not be, because they themselves have been saved by God in Christ. There is, however, a secondary mediation, by which the faithful may obtain spiritual and material favours and graces. Their influence before God does not affect the fact that we believe that every one of us has been redeemed by Christ. The truth that Jesus Christ is the only mediator does not exclude secondary mediators who are always subordinate to and dependent on the one mediation of Jesus Christ. We have many examples of intercession in the Bible. In Genesis 18:22-23 we read of Abraham’s intercession for the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah. In Genesis 19:21 the Bible speaks of the angel of the Lord who accepts Lot’s intercession for the town of Zoar. Moses interceded many times for his people as they journeyed to the promised land (Num 21:7; Deut 9:16-20, 25-29). Many other passages talk of intercession by people on behalf of others. Christ himself commands us to pray for each other especially for those who do wrong to us. This is nothing else but intercessory prayer. St. Paul says “pray for us” in Colossians 4:2-4 and again in 2 Thes 3:1, and many other places. Also Acts 7:59; Rom 15:30-31; Eph 6:18-19; Jas 5:16 etc. If we have the help of the saints on earth interceding for us, similarly the saints in heaven too are praying for us. Their mediation too brings down spiritual and material blessings on us. If it is pleasing to God that we ask living believers, the “saints on earth”, who can still ruin their lives through sin, to pray for us, surely it is more pleasing to God that we ask the “saints in heaven”, those who have ended their life in sanctity, and who cannot now sin, to pray for us. In the Old and New Testaments we have evidence of “saints in heaven” interceding for those on earth. The Jews believed in the intercession of the holy men who had departed from this life: “Then the Lord said to me, ‘Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my heart would not turn toward this people’ (Jer. 15:1). Also see 2 Mac 15:11-16. The New Testament too reveals that the “saints in heaven” do play an intercessory role before God. In Lk. 16:19-31 Jesus presents Abraham, a “saint in heaven”, being asked to perform an intercessory role. And in Rev 5:8; 8:3-4 we have angels before God offering incense. Since incense stands for prayer, the prayers of the “saints on earth” were going up to God through the hand of this angel who is acting as an intercessor. Finally we say Jesus Christ is the only Saviour and Mediator. As far as remission of sins and salvation are concerned, our only Saviour is Christ, for he is the sacrifice that takes away our sins not only ours but those of the whole world (1 Jn 2:2); for he alone is “the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world” (Jn 1:29). He is also our only Mediator. But his mediation is inclusive, not exclusive. The mediation of the saints whether in heaven or on earth does not compromise the unique mediation of Jesus Christ. Those who pray to God do it “in and through Jesus Christ” and without the unique mediation of Jesus Christ the saints in heaven and on earth have no worth or value. Also, we must not have a non-Christian view of death, because death has not broken our communion with the departed. The faithful on earth are not in communion with the bodies of the saints buried in peace, but with their souls. Through baptism we become member of the mystical Body of Christ whose head is Jesus Christ. We form one communion of saints. So the saints can intercede for the living. Why do Catholics venerate/honour Blessed Virgin Mary? Catholics honour Mary because God honoured her above all creatures by bestowing upon her the highest dignity. Both the Angel and Elizabeth called her “blessed among women” (Lk 1:28, 42). Mary prophesied that henceforth all generations would call her blessed (Lk 1:48). In order to fulfill the Scripture we are not supposed just to venerate Our Lady, but also to congratulate her, that is to proclaim her happy, either by saying or singing as Elizabeth did, “Blessed are you, Mary”. Mary was uniquely blessed because she was entrusted with the honor of carrying God-in-human-form, Jesus Christ, in her womb. She alone was chosen for the highest honor in the history of the world. Catholics understand that if she is special enough for God to honor her, then she is certainly special enough for humankind to honor her too. We honour Mary because of her great privileges: In God’s plan of salvation Mary had a unique role to play – that is, a role given to no other woman. She was chosen to be the mother of Jesus, the incarnate word of God and our Saviour. She was conceived without sin (the Immaculate Conception) and she also conceived Jesus without human intervention. She became the mother of Jesus who is God. Jesus honoured her by being with her for thirty years and then showed his love to her on the Cross when he left her to the care of John. (Jn 19:25 and following). We honour her because Jesus honoured her by obeying her words. He performed his first sign at her request, by changing water into wine (Jn 2:1-12). Above all we honour her because she is the model of Christian believers. Mary was totally open to God and to his word in her life (Lk1:38). It will be absurd to claim that Mary finished her role as soon as she gave birth to Jesus. In fact Jesus from the cross declares to Mary that, from that crucial moment on, she would have a new role to play to look after her sons and daughters “Seeing his mother and the disciple he loved standing near her, Jesus said to his mother: ‘Woman, this is your son!’ Then to the disciple he said ‘This is your mother.’ And from that moment the disciple made a place for her in his home” (Jn 19:26-27) Mary is the masterpiece of God’s creation. Is the artist jealous of the praise given to his masterpiece? The praise given to Mary goes to God. By honouring Mary we are honouring God. Perpetual Virginity of Mary: Was Mary virgin forever or did Mary had other children besides Jesus and therefore she cannot be “forever a virgin” as Catholics call her. Three difficulties have been brought up against the continued virginity of Mary: a) Some say this because in St Luke’s gospel 2:7, it is written “and she gave birth to her first–born son”. Doesn’t that mean that Jesus was the first of several more? Mary must have had a second or third child. “Firstborn” is actually a legal term meaning that no one was born before. It does not necessarily mean that someone was born after. The first one to open the mother’s womb was consecrated to God (Ex 13:2, Num 3:12), even if no second child followed. Under Mosaic Law, it was the “first-born” son that was to be redeemed (Ex 34:20). Jesus was given the title of ‘first-born’ to show, not only that Mary gave birth to no child before him, but also because it is a title of honour. In that society, to be first-born conferred special rights and duties. Remember, too, that Christ is the ‘first-born’ of the Father, but he is also the ONLY SON. So, we cannot say that ‘first-born’ means that there must be others. b) It is mentioned that “Joseph did not know (i.e. did not have any sexual relations with) her till she brought forth a son” (Mt 1:25). Doesn’t “till” mean that afterwards they lived normally as a man and wife? The phrase “Joseph did not know Mary until she gave birth to Jesus” is a Semitic way of emphasizing a point. Mathew uses it to emphasize the virginal conception of Jesus. In the Bible ‘until’ only affirms that an action did not take place up to a certain point of time. It is talking only about the past and saying nothing about the future. Obviously, the gospel writer wants to show that Jesus’ birth had nothing to do with any physical contact between Mary and Joseph, otherwise Jesus would be an ordinary man. If the modern sense is forced on the Bible, some ridiculous meanings result. In Psalm 110:1 we read, “The Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand till I make your enemies your footstool.” Does this mean that Christ will not sit at the right hand of the Father any more after the defeat of his enemies? In 2 Samuel 6:23 it says, “Michal had no children until her death”. This does not mean that she had children after her death. In Mt 28:20 “(Jesus said to his disciples): And behold, I am with you always until the end of the age.” This does not mean that Jesus the Lord will stop being with us after the end of this world. We must also be careful about lifting out one verse and trying to prove something with that alone and not taking into account the rest of the Bible or the setting of the verse. c) Another objection, which is brought against the perpetual virginity of Mary: verses that speak of “brothers and sisters of Jesus” (Mk 3:31, 6:3, Mt 13:55-56). Again, we have to emphasize that the books of the Bible were not written in English. In a Semitic language, the word ‘brother’ can also mean a cousin or any male relation or even just a member of the same tribe. For example, in Genesis 14:12 & 16 we read, “when Abraham recaptured all the goods, along with his brother Lot….” Yet we know from other passages that Lot was Abraham’s brother’s son – Abraham’s nephew, in fact. In Gen 29:15, “brother” is again used to mean “nephew.” The so-called “brothers and sisters” of Jesus are never said anywhere to be sons and daughters of Mary. Those whom the New Testament calls “brothers of Jesus are James the Less, and Joseph, Jude, and Simon. But the New Testament even mentions their parents – in Mt 10:3 James is said to be the son of Alphaeus (he is different from James, son of Zebedee and Salome). Regarding Jude himself, it is said in Jude 1, “From Jude, servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James.” John the evangelist reports that when Jesus was dying, he turned to Mary and said, “Woman, this is your son”. Then he turned to disciple and said, “This is your mother.” Surely, if Mary had other children besides Jesus, he would not have entrusted her to his disciple John, who would have been an outsider in comparison with a brother and a sister. At other times Jesus refers to his apostles and disciples as “brothers”: “Go and find my brothers and tell them…” (John 20:17). You will see the same in Mt 28:10. In the Acts of the Apostles 1:15: “Peter stood up one day to speak to the brothers. There were hundred and twenty persons in the congregation.” Can this really mean that there were 120 people who were sons and daughters of the same man and woman? There are, of course, other examples in the Acts of the Apostles. In conclusion, we say that Mary is the mother only of Jesus. He is called “the son of Mary”, not “a son of Mary” – Mk 6:3 Mary is called the mother of God. Is Mary the mother of God the Father? First of all, it is good to realize what we mean by the title “Mother of God”. By this title ‘Mother of God,’ we mean the Mother of Jesus who is God. This title ‘Mother of God’ is not meant as a mark of honour to Mary but as a safeguard to a right understanding of Jesus i.e. he is one person two natures: divine and human. This title of ‘Mother of God’ was given to Mary in the early Church against those who affirmed that Mary is the mother only of Jesus the man. The Church in this context responded by clarifying that in Jesus there is only one person, the divine person who takes flesh in the womb of Mary. The Church teaches that Mary “gave birth to the Word of God become flesh by birth” to make it clear that Mary was not the mother of Jesus’ divinity. Mary did not give birth to God from all eternity or in the beginning of time. In fact, she was merely a “handmaid” of the Lord.” She was the mother of Jesus who was “God among us.” Since Jesus is true God and true Man, united in the one Person of God’s Word, to deny that Mary is the Mother of God would be to deny either that Jesus is God or that Mary is truly his mother. Even though the title ‘Mother of God’ is not in Scripture, we do find a basis for this title in the words of Elizabeth where she calls Mary the ‘Mother of my Lord’ (Lk 1:43). The title ‘Lord’ was given to God in the Old Testament. In the New Testament Jesus is also called Lord. Mary is the mother of this divine person in his human nature. How can Catholics believe in Mary’s full innocence, that is, the Immaculate Conception? In the Bible, Mary said, “My spirit exults in God my Saviour.” Does this not mean that Mary was saved from sin? When we say that Mary was immaculately conceived, we mean that Mary was conceived without original sin or its stain—that’s what "immaculate" means: without stain. Mary from the first instant of her existence was in the state of sanctifying grace and was free from the corrupt nature which original sin brings. God’s salvation which, delivers sinners from their actual faults (Mt 1:21) is powerful enough even to prevent a person committing sin or even being affected by sin. God’s power is infinite! The grace Mary enjoyed not only has been as “full” or strong or complete, but it has extended over the whole of her life, from conception. That is, she has been in a state of sanctifying grace from the first moment of her existence that is why she is called “full of grace” (Lk 1:28). Now the Greek word “kecharitomene” is used of a person who has received special favours. Mary, therefore, is a highly privileged virgin: “Blessed are you among women”. Mary was redeemed by the grace of Christ, but in a special way, by anticipation this is what doctrine of the Immaculate Conception is all about. Mary herself proclaims gratefully, “For the Almighty has done great things for me; holy is his name.” Among those great things to which the Blessed Virgin is referring is her preservation from the stain of evil and sin The Immaculate Conception thus does not remove Mary from the number of the redeemed. We are not claiming that she was not in need of redemption. She was as much in need of redemption as anyone else. We claim for her that she was redeemed in a special way by the merits of Jesus. Rather, she is even more redeemed, most perfectly redeemed. She is for us an example of what the redemption of Jesus means, total discipleship where there is nothing of Satan’s reign. And all this is not because of her own merits, but because of Christ’s grace, because God chose her to be the mother of his Son. Was Mary assumed into Heaven? This is what the Catholic Church believes: that Mary ever virgin at the end of her earthly life was assumed body and soul into heaven. It is also necessary to know that assumption is not ascension. Mary was assumed or taken up into heaven by God. She didn’t do it under her own power. But Christ ascended into heaven by his own power Even though there is no direct, explicit reference to the assumption of Mary in the Bible, there is some scriptural support for the concept of bodily assumption. We see both Enoch and Elijah, the righteous persons in the Old Testament were assumed into heaven (Heb. 11:5, 2 Kgs. 2:11). Also in Mt. 27:52-53 we see that after the resurrection of Jesus many righteous people rose from their tombs body and soul: “and the graves were opened and many bodies arose out of them, bodies of holy men gone to their rest: who, after his rising again, left their graves and went into the holy city:” The early resurrection of these saints anticipated the rising of those who die in faith, all of who will be assumed one day to receive their glorified bodies. The above cases in the Old and New Testaments prepare us for the Assumption of Mary, the most righteous person of the human race in God’s plan of salvation. We find this truth enshrined in the resurrection of Christ and in our own resurrection. If Christ is the “first fruits” of those who have died (1 Cor 15:20), Mary becomes for us the tangible fruit of Christ’s resurrection. She becomes the prototype of our own resurrection. In Assumption of Mary, we see our Christian hope, which testifies to the power of Jesus in redeeming us at the time of the resurrection of our body. In the Assumption of Mary, we see what God’s grace does to each of us at the end of our lives. In Mary, the disciple of Jesus, we see the full fruit of Christ’s redemption both at the beginning and at the end of her life. If the Ark of the Covenant in the Old Testament which contained the manna (bread from heaven), the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments (the Word of God), and the staff of Aaron (a symbol of Israel’s high priesthood) was given so much honour, how much more should Mary be kept from corruption, since she is the New Ark—who carried the real bread from heaven, the Word of God, and the High Priest of the New Covenant, Jesus Christ. After all, if Mary is immaculately conceived, then it would follow that she would not suffer corruption in the grave, which is a consequence of sin [Gen. 3:17, 19]. This is what St. Robert Bellarmine says: "Who could believe that the ark of holiness, the dwelling of God, the temple of the Holy Spirit [i.e., Mary], crumbled into dust? I shudder at the very thought that the virginal flesh of which God was conceived and born, which nourished him and carried him should have turned to ashes or been given as food to worms." Did Mother Mary die? We believe that Mary being the mother of Jesus was assumed into heaven body and soul at the end of her life. But the question here is whether she was assumed into heaven before or after her death. Did Mary experience bodily death? When Pope Pius XII in 1950 defined the dogma of the Assumption of Mary with the words “The immaculate Mother of God, Mary, ever virgin, when the course of her earthly life was finished, was taken up body and soul into the glory of heaven.” ”The wording of the dogmatic teaching by Pius XII leaves the question unanswered. The text simply says: “when the course of her earthly life was finished….” The text does not say whether Mary died or did not die. The fact that Pius XII did not define that Our Lady died when he defined her bodily Assumption it has been taken by many to mean that she did not die. But the death of Mary is taken for granted by many writers both in eastern and western Christianity who speak of her Assumption, the earliest documents, e.g. the apocryphal “Transitus Mariae,” and later the feast of the Dormition (5th cent.) imply her death. In the preface of the Mass of the Assumption the Church prays ”Today the virgin Mother of God was taken up into heaven to be the beginning and the pattern of the Church in its perfection, and a sign of hope and comfort for your people on their pilgrim way. You would not allow decay to touch her body, for she had given birth to you Son, the Lord of all life, in the glory of the incarnation.” What “decay'' is being referred to in this prayer? The “decay” refers to the corruption of the body that takes place after death. And this decay Mary was not subjected to. And so the tradition both in east and west has leaned towards the belief that she did die prior to her assumption But some theologians feel that, since death is a consequence of sin, and that Mary was conceived immaculately, born without original sin and she was sinless she would have had not died. To this some feel that, since Jesus himself chose to die, wouldn’t it be fitting for his mother to have shared the same fate? The Mother is not superior to the Son who underwent death” Whether Mary died or not no official pronouncements have been made. The definition of the Assumption is silent on the question of her death. Pope Pius XII while giving the dogma of Assumption refrained from saying Mary died before her assumption even though in the document itself Pope Pius XII referred to writings of the early church that she died. The official position of the Church is that we are not sure whether she died or not but rather we focus and believe in the Assumption of Mary into heaven and celebrate this Solemnity with the hope that we too like her will be in heaven with the Lord after our death. Why was 15th August selected to celebrate the feast of Assumption? The dogma on Assumption of Mary into heaven was declared after India's independence on 15th Augusut, 1947? The tradition of Assumption of Mary into heaven was already proclaimed as early as 749 by St. John Damascene. In 1568 Pope Pius V made the feast of the Assumption of Mary into heaven a holy day for the entire Church. In the early church the date of 15th August was celebrated as feast of Mary's dormition or "falling asleep". This feast which originated in the Byzantine Empire probably in the 5th century came into the Western Church but the term dormition was replaced by “Assumption”. Pope Pius XII defined the dogma of the Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary into heaven as doctrine of faith in his Encyclical “Munificentissimus Deus” on 1 November 1950, but the belief in the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in heaven and the feast celebrated on 15th August goes back to early church and long before our country’s independence on 15th August 1947. 01 Why do Catholics pray to Saints? Is it biblical to ask the saints in heaven to pray for us? Catholics say yes, since we are all part of the communion of saints. As the word suggests, the communion of saints refers to the bond of unity among all believers, both living and dead, who are committed followers of Christ. In Christ, we are made part of God’s family (1 Tim 3:15), children of God (1 John 3:1), joint heirs with Christ (Rom 8:17), and partakers of the divine nature (2 Pet 1:4). This family communion of saints is known to Catholics as the Mystical Body of Christ. We are joined in a supernatural union as members of Christ’s own body, and thus as members of one another. Each of us participates in the divine life of Christ Himself. INTERCESSORY PRAYER What we have said about the communion of saints gives us the biblical reasons why Catholics ask the saints to intercede for them: (1) All Christians are members of Christ’s body and one another (Rom 12:5 and many others). (2) Jesus has only one body (Eph 4:4; Col 3:15). (3) Death cannot separate Christians from Christ or from one another (Rom 8:35-39). (4) Christians are bound in mutual love (Rom 12:10; 1 Thess 5:11; Gal 6:2). We are members of Christ’s one body, united in His divine life even beyond the grave, and concerned for each other’s salvation and growth in God’s family. In that union, we call for help and support from our older brothers and sisters who have already won their crown of glory. Just as in our human families we naturally turn to our siblings for aid and example, how much more should we turn to our supernatural family for help and inspiration. 02 1 Timothy 2:5-6 says, “For there is only one God and there is only one mediator between God and mankind, himself a man Christ Jesus.......” Does this not mean that there is no need for the intercession of the Saints? Are Catholics going against Scripture by asking Mary and other Saints to intercede for us? The Catholic Church believes that Jesus is the only mediator between God and man. But that does not exclude the mediation of others. In fact, the immediate context of 1 Timothy 2 shows the need for Christians to pray for others, exactly as Catholicism teaches. Let us look at the immediately preceding verses of 1 Tim. 2:1-5: “First of all, then, I urge that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made for all men…This is good, and it is acceptable in the sight of God our Savior….For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus”. So, in the immediate context Paul urges people to pray for others. So obviously this text does not mean people should not intercede for others. When we pray to Saints, we are only asking them to pray for us. The intercession of the saints whether in heaven or earth does not rule out Christ’s universal mediation. Their mediation is not a replacement of Christ’s redemption. It could not be, because they themselves have been saved by God in Christ. There is, however, a secondary mediation, by which the faithful may obtain spiritual and material favours and graces. Their influence before God does not affect the fact that we believe that every one of us has been redeemed by Christ. The truth that Jesus Christ is the only mediator does not exclude secondary mediators who are always subordinate to and dependent on the one mediation of Jesus Christ. We have many examples of intercession in the Bible. In Genesis 18:22-23 we read of Abraham’s intercession for the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah. In Genesis 19:21 the Bible speaks of the angel of the Lord who accepts Lot’s intercession for the town of Zoar. Moses interceded many times for his people as they journeyed to the promised land (Num 21:7; Deut 9:16-20, 25-29). Many other passages talk of intercession by people on behalf of others. Christ himself commands us to pray for each other especially for those who do wrong to us. This is nothing else but intercessory prayer. St. Paul says “pray for us” in Colossians 4:2-4 and again in 2 Thes 3:1, and many other places. Also Acts 7:59; Rom 15:30-31; Eph 6:18-19; Jas 5:16 etc. If we have the help of the saints on earth interceding for us, similarly the saints in heaven too are praying for us. Their mediation too brings down spiritual and material blessings on us. If it is pleasing to God that we ask living believers, the “saints on earth”, who can still ruin their lives through sin, to pray for us, surely it is more pleasing to God that we ask the “saints in heaven”, those who have ended their life in sanctity, and who cannot now sin, to pray for us. In the Old and New Testaments we have evidence of “saints in heaven” interceding for those on earth. The Jews believed in the intercession of the holy men who had departed from this life: “Then the Lord said to me, ‘Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my heart would not turn toward this people’ (Jer. 15:1). Also see 2 Mac 15:11-16. The New Testament too reveals that the “saints in heaven” do play an intercessory role before God. In Lk. 16:19-31 Jesus presents Abraham, a “saint in heaven”, being asked to perform an intercessory role. And in Rev 5:8; 8:3-4 we have angels before God offering incense. Since incense stands for prayer, the prayers of the “saints on earth” were going up to God through the hand of this angel who is acting as an intercessor. Finally we say Jesus Christ is the only Saviour and Mediator. As far as remission of sins and salvation are concerned, our only Saviour is Christ, for he is the sacrifice that takes away our sins not only ours but those of the whole world (1 Jn 2:2); for he alone is “the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world” (Jn 1:29). He is also our only Mediator. But his mediation is inclusive, not exclusive. The mediation of the saints whether in heaven or on earth does not compromise the unique mediation of Jesus Christ. Those who pray to God do it “in and through Jesus Christ” and without the unique mediation of Jesus Christ the saints in heaven and on earth have no worth or value. Also, we must not have a non-Christian view of death, because death has not broken our communion with the departed. The faithful on earth are not in communion with the bodies of the saints buried in peace, but with their souls. Through baptism we become member of the mystical Body of Christ whose head is Jesus Christ. We form one communion of saints. So the saints can intercede for the living. 03 Why do Catholics venerate/honour Blessed Virgin Mary? Catholics honour Mary because God honoured her above all creatures by bestowing upon her the highest dignity. Both the Angel and Elizabeth called her “blessed among women” (Lk 1:28, 42). Mary prophesied that henceforth all generations would call her blessed (Lk 1:48). In order to fulfill the Scripture we are not supposed just to venerate Our Lady, but also to congratulate her, that is to proclaim her happy, either by saying or singing as Elizabeth did, “Blessed are you, Mary”. Mary was uniquely blessed because she was entrusted with the honor of carrying God-in-human-form, Jesus Christ, in her womb. She alone was chosen for the highest honor in the history of the world. Catholics understand that if she is special enough for God to honor her, then she is certainly special enough for humankind to honor her too. We honour Mary because of her great privileges: In God’s plan of salvation Mary had a unique role to play – that is, a role given to no other woman. She was chosen to be the mother of Jesus, the incarnate word of God and our Saviour. She was conceived without sin (the Immaculate Conception) and she also conceived Jesus without human intervention. She became the mother of Jesus who is God. Jesus honoured her by being with her for thirty years and then showed his love to her on the Cross when he left her to the care of John. (Jn 19:25 and following). We honour her because Jesus honoured her by obeying her words. He performed his first sign at her request, by changing water into wine (Jn 2:1-12). Above all we honour her because she is the model of Christian believers. Mary was totally open to God and to his word in her life (Lk1:38). It will be absurd to claim that Mary finished her role as soon as she gave birth to Jesus. In fact Jesus from the cross declares to Mary that, from that crucial moment on, she would have a new role to play to look after her sons and daughters “Seeing his mother and the disciple he loved standing near her, Jesus said to his mother: ‘Woman, this is your son!’ Then to the disciple he said ‘This is your mother.’ And from that moment the disciple made a place for her in his home” (Jn 19:26-27) Mary is the masterpiece of God’s creation. Is the artist jealous of the praise given to his masterpiece? The praise given to Mary goes to God. By honouring Mary we are honouring God. 04 Perpetual Virginity of Mary: Was Mary virgin forever or did Mary had other children besides Jesus and therefore she cannot be “forever a virgin” as Catholics call her. Three difficulties have been brought up against the continued virginity of Mary: a) Some say this because in St Luke’s gospel 2:7, it is written “and she gave birth to her first–born son”. Doesn’t that mean that Jesus was the first of several more? Mary must have had a second or third child. “Firstborn” is actually a legal term meaning that no one was born before. It does not necessarily mean that someone was born after. The first one to open the mother’s womb was consecrated to God (Ex 13:2, Num 3:12), even if no second child followed. Under Mosaic Law, it was the “first-born” son that was to be redeemed (Ex 34:20). Jesus was given the title of ‘first-born’ to show, not only that Mary gave birth to no child before him, but also because it is a title of honour. In that society, to be first-born conferred special rights and duties. Remember, too, that Christ is the ‘first-born’ of the Father, but he is also the ONLY SON. So, we cannot say that ‘first-born’ means that there must be others. b) It is mentioned that “Joseph did not know (i.e. did not have any sexual relations with) her till she brought forth a son” (Mt 1:25). Doesn’t “till” mean that afterwards they lived normally as a man and wife? The phrase “Joseph did not know Mary until she gave birth to Jesus” is a Semitic way of emphasizing a point. Mathew uses it to emphasize the virginal conception of Jesus. In the Bible ‘until’ only affirms that an action did not take place up to a certain point of time. It is talking only about the past and saying nothing about the future. Obviously, the gospel writer wants to show that Jesus’ birth had nothing to do with any physical contact between Mary and Joseph, otherwise Jesus would be an ordinary man. If the modern sense is forced on the Bible, some ridiculous meanings result. In Psalm 110:1 we read, “The Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand till I make your enemies your footstool.” Does this mean that Christ will not sit at the right hand of the Father any more after the defeat of his enemies? In 2 Samuel 6:23 it says, “Michal had no children until her death”. This does not mean that she had children after her death. In Mt 28:20 “(Jesus said to his disciples): And behold, I am with you always until the end of the age.” This does not mean that Jesus the Lord will stop being with us after the end of this world. We must also be careful about lifting out one verse and trying to prove something with that alone and not taking into account the rest of the Bible or the setting of the verse. c) Another objection, which is brought against the perpetual virginity of Mary: verses that speak of “brothers and sisters of Jesus” (Mk 3:31, 6:3, Mt 13:55-56). Again, we have to emphasize that the books of the Bible were not written in English. In a Semitic language, the word ‘brother’ can also mean a cousin or any male relation or even just a member of the same tribe. For example, in Genesis 14:12 & 16 we read, “when Abraham recaptured all the goods, along with his brother Lot….” Yet we know from other passages that Lot was Abraham’s brother’s son – Abraham’s nephew, in fact. In Gen 29:15, “brother” is again used to mean “nephew.” The so-called “brothers and sisters” of Jesus are never said anywhere to be sons and daughters of Mary. Those whom the New Testament calls “brothers of Jesus are James the Less, and Joseph, Jude, and Simon. But the New Testament even mentions their parents – in Mt 10:3 James is said to be the son of Alphaeus (he is different from James, son of Zebedee and Salome). Regarding Jude himself, it is said in Jude 1, “From Jude, servant of Jesus Christ and brother of James.” John the evangelist reports that when Jesus was dying, he turned to Mary and said, “Woman, this is your son”. Then he turned to disciple and said, “This is your mother.” Surely, if Mary had other children besides Jesus, he would not have entrusted her to his disciple John, who would have been an outsider in comparison with a brother and a sister. At other times Jesus refers to his apostles and disciples as “brothers”: “Go and find my brothers and tell them…” (John 20:17). You will see the same in Mt 28:10. In the Acts of the Apostles 1:15: “Peter stood up one day to speak to the brothers. There were hundred and twenty persons in the congregation.” Can this really mean that there were 120 people who were sons and daughters of the same man and woman? There are, of course, other examples in the Acts of the Apostles. In conclusion, we say that Mary is the mother only of Jesus. He is called “the son of Mary”, not “a son of Mary” – Mk 6:3 05 Mary is called the mother of God. Is Mary the mother of God the Father? First of all, it is good to realize what we mean by the title “Mother of God”. By this title ‘Mother of God,’ we mean the Mother of Jesus who is God. This title ‘Mother of God’ is not meant as a mark of honour to Mary but as a safeguard to a right understanding of Jesus i.e. he is one person two natures: divine and human. This title of ‘Mother of God’ was given to Mary in the early Church against those who affirmed that Mary is the mother only of Jesus the man. The Church in this context responded by clarifying that in Jesus there is only one person, the divine person who takes flesh in the womb of Mary. The Church teaches that Mary “gave birth to the Word of God become flesh by birth” to make it clear that Mary was not the mother of Jesus’ divinity. Mary did not give birth to God from all eternity or in the beginning of time. In fact, she was merely a “handmaid” of the Lord.” She was the mother of Jesus who was “God among us.” Since Jesus is true God and true Man, united in the one Person of God’s Word, to deny that Mary is the Mother of God would be to deny either that Jesus is God or that Mary is truly his mother. Even though the title ‘Mother of God’ is not in Scripture, we do find a basis for this title in the words of Elizabeth where she calls Mary the ‘Mother of my Lord’ (Lk 1:43). The title ‘Lord’ was given to God in the Old Testament. In the New Testament Jesus is also called Lord. Mary is the mother of this divine person in his human nature. 06 How can Catholics believe in Mary’s full innocence, that is, the Immaculate Conception? In the Bible, Mary said, “My spirit exults in God my Saviour.” Does this not mean that Mary was saved from sin? When we say that Mary was immaculately conceived, we mean that Mary was conceived without original sin or its stain—that’s what "immaculate" means: without stain. Mary from the first instant of her existence was in the state of sanctifying grace and was free from the corrupt nature which original sin brings. God’s salvation which, delivers sinners from their actual faults (Mt 1:21) is powerful enough even to prevent a person committing sin or even being affected by sin. God’s power is infinite! The grace Mary enjoyed not only has been as “full” or strong or complete, but it has extended over the whole of her life, from conception. That is, she has been in a state of sanctifying grace from the first moment of her existence that is why she is called “full of grace” (Lk 1:28). Now the Greek word “kecharitomene” is used of a person who has received special favours. Mary, therefore, is a highly privileged virgin: “Blessed are you among women”. Mary was redeemed by the grace of Christ, but in a special way, by anticipation this is what doctrine of the Immaculate Conception is all about. Mary herself proclaims gratefully, “For the Almighty has done great things for me; holy is his name.” Among those great things to which the Blessed Virgin is referring is her preservation from the stain of evil and sin The Immaculate Conception thus does not remove Mary from the number of the redeemed. We are not claiming that she was not in need of redemption. She was as much in need of redemption as anyone else. We claim for her that she was redeemed in a special way by the merits of Jesus. Rather, she is even more redeemed, most perfectly redeemed. She is for us an example of what the redemption of Jesus means, total discipleship where there is nothing of Satan’s reign. And all this is not because of her own merits, but because of Christ’s grace, because God chose her to be the mother of his Son. 07 Was Mary assumed into Heaven? This is what the Catholic Church believes: that Mary ever virgin at the end of her earthly life was assumed body and soul into heaven. It is also necessary to know that assumption is not ascension. Mary was assumed or taken up into heaven by God. She didn’t do it under her own power. But Christ ascended into heaven by his own power Even though there is no direct, explicit reference to the assumption of Mary in the Bible, there is some scriptural support for the concept of bodily assumption. We see both Enoch and Elijah, the righteous persons in the Old Testament were assumed into heaven (Heb. 11:5, 2 Kgs. 2:11). Also in Mt. 27:52-53 we see that after the resurrection of Jesus many righteous people rose from their tombs body and soul: “and the graves were opened and many bodies arose out of them, bodies of holy men gone to their rest: who, after his rising again, left their graves and went into the holy city:” The early resurrection of these saints anticipated the rising of those who die in faith, all of who will be assumed one day to receive their glorified bodies. The above cases in the Old and New Testaments prepare us for the Assumption of Mary, the most righteous person of the human race in God’s plan of salvation. We find this truth enshrined in the resurrection of Christ and in our own resurrection. If Christ is the “first fruits” of those who have died (1 Cor 15:20), Mary becomes for us the tangible fruit of Christ’s resurrection. She becomes the prototype of our own resurrection. In Assumption of Mary, we see our Christian hope, which testifies to the power of Jesus in redeeming us at the time of the resurrection of our body. In the Assumption of Mary, we see what God’s grace does to each of us at the end of our lives. In Mary, the disciple of Jesus, we see the full fruit of Christ’s redemption both at the beginning and at the end of her life. If the Ark of the Covenant in the Old Testament which contained the manna (bread from heaven), the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments (the Word of God), and the staff of Aaron (a symbol of Israel’s high priesthood) was given so much honour, how much more should Mary be kept from corruption, since she is the New Ark—who carried the real bread from heaven, the Word of God, and the High Priest of the New Covenant, Jesus Christ. After all, if Mary is immaculately conceived, then it would follow that she would not suffer corruption in the grave, which is a consequence of sin [Gen. 3:17, 19]. This is what St. Robert Bellarmine says: "Who could believe that the ark of holiness, the dwelling of God, the temple of the Holy Spirit [i.e., Mary], crumbled into dust? I shudder at the very thought that the virginal flesh of which God was conceived and born, which nourished him and carried him should have turned to ashes or been given as food to worms." 08 Did Mother Mary die? We believe that Mary being the mother of Jesus was assumed into heaven body and soul at the end of her life. But the question here is whether she was assumed into heaven before or after her death. Did Mary experience bodily death? When Pope Pius XII in 1950 defined the dogma of the Assumption of Mary with the words “The immaculate Mother of God, Mary, ever virgin, when the course of her earthly life was finished, was taken up body and soul into the glory of heaven.” ”The wording of the dogmatic teaching by Pius XII leaves the question unanswered. The text simply says: “when the course of her earthly life was finished….” The text does not say whether Mary died or did not die. The fact that Pius XII did not define that Our Lady died when he defined her bodily Assumption it has been taken by many to mean that she did not die. But the death of Mary is taken for granted by many writers both in eastern and western Christianity who speak of her Assumption, the earliest documents, e.g. the apocryphal “Transitus Mariae,” and later the feast of the Dormition (5th cent.) imply her death. In the preface of the Mass of the Assumption the Church prays ”Today the virgin Mother of God was taken up into heaven to be the beginning and the pattern of the Church in its perfection, and a sign of hope and comfort for your people on their pilgrim way. You would not allow decay to touch her body, for she had given birth to you Son, the Lord of all life, in the glory of the incarnation.” What “decay'' is being referred to in this prayer? The “decay” refers to the corruption of the body that takes place after death. And this decay Mary was not subjected to. And so the tradition both in east and west has leaned towards the belief that she did die prior to her assumption But some theologians feel that, since death is a consequence of sin, and that Mary was conceived immaculately, born without original sin and she was sinless she would have had not died. To this some feel that, since Jesus himself chose to die, wouldn’t it be fitting for his mother to have shared the same fate? The Mother is not superior to the Son who underwent death” Whether Mary died or not no official pronouncements have been made. The definition of the Assumption is silent on the question of her death. Pope Pius XII while giving the dogma of Assumption refrained from saying Mary died before her assumption even though in the document itself Pope Pius XII referred to writings of the early church that she died. The official position of the Church is that we are not sure whether she died or not but rather we focus and believe in the Assumption of Mary into heaven and celebrate this Solemnity with the hope that we too like her will be in heaven with the Lord after our death. 09 Why was 15th August selected to celebrate the feast of Assumption? The dogma on Assumption of Mary into heaven was declared after India's independence on 15th Augusut, 1947? The tradition of Assumption of Mary into heaven was already proclaimed as early as 749 by St. John Damascene. In 1568 Pope Pius V made the feast of the Assumption of Mary into heaven a holy day for the entire Church. In the early church the date of 15th August was celebrated as feast of Mary's dormition or "falling asleep". This feast which originated in the Byzantine Empire probably in the 5th century came into the Western Church but the term dormition was replaced by “Assumption”. Pope Pius XII defined the dogma of the Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary into heaven as doctrine of faith in his Encyclical “Munificentissimus Deus” on 1 November 1950, but the belief in the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in heaven and the feast celebrated on 15th August goes back to early church and long before our country’s independence on 15th August 1947. Your Question Submit Thanks for submitting!

Learn about the Sacrament of Confirmation and its significance in the Christian journey. Discover its biblical foundation, the gifts of the Holy Spirit, the role of sponsors, and how this sacrament strengthens faith and commitment to Christ. Confirmation Confirmation is the third sacrament of initiation and serves to "confirm" a baptized person in their faith. In our Archdiocese the Sacrament of Confirmation is administer at the age of 16 and above. For adult converts it is performed immediately after baptism . A bishop or priest normally performs the rite, which includes the laying on of hands in prayer and blessing and the anointing of the forehead with chrism (holy oil) with the words, ”Be sealed with the gifts of the Holy Spirit.” In so "sealing" that person as a member of the church, the outward rite of confirmation signifies the inner presence of the Holy Spirit , who is believed to provide the strength to live out a life of faith. The Sacrament of Confirmation administered by Bishop Bosco Penha when Fr. Vincent Barboza was the Parish Priest of Our Lady of the Forsaken Church, Malad West, Mumbai The bishop is the ordinary minister of Confirmation. For pastoral reasons he may delegate a priest to administer the sacrament.

At Cana, Jesus turned water into wine, revealing his divine glory and God's abundant grace. And Mary our spiritual mother tells us "Do whatever he tells you" The Wedding at Cana: A Revelation of Glory, Grace and Transformation My dear brothers and sisters in Christ, Last Sunday, we stood at the banks of the Jordan River, witnessing the profound moment when Jesus' mission was set in motion through His Baptism, marked by the Father’s declaration of love and identity. Today, we are invited to a joyful celebration—a wedding at Cana—where Jesus takes another significant step in revealing who He is. Through this first public miracle, He not only demonstrates His divine power but also offers a glimpse of the abundant grace that flows from Him. This event builds upon the theme of Epiphany, as Jesus progressively unveils His mission and glory to the world, moving from obedience to action, from promise to fulfillment. Let us reflect on the key moments of this passage and what they teach us about Jesus, His mission, and our response as His followers. 1. The Significance of Jesus’ Presence at the Wedding Jesus’ presence at the wedding in Cana is deeply significant. By attending this celebration, Jesus affirms the goodness of marriage as part of God’s design for humanity. More than that, His miraculous intervention at the wedding announces that marriage will now become an effective sign of His presence and His covenant with the Church. The Church sees Christian marriage as a sacrament, a living symbol of Christ’s love for His people. By being present at this wedding and performing His first miracle there, Jesus elevates marriage to a sacred union, filled with His grace and blessing. Practical Application: For married couples, see your marriage as a reflection of Christ’s love for the Church. Make your relationship a testimony of faith, love, and commitment. For all of us, honor and support the vocation of marriage, recognizing its significance in God’s plan for humanity. 2. The Role of Mary: Faith and Intercession Mary notices the need of the newlyweds—they have run out of wine. With simple confidence, she brings this need to Jesus. Her words to the servants, “Do whatever He tells you,” show her profound trust in Jesus’ ability to act, even though He initially says, “My hour has not come yet.” Mary’s role here is a powerful reminder of her place as our intercessor. She notices our needs and brings them to Jesus on our behalf. Like Mary, we are called to have faith that Jesus will act, even when the timing or the way He works is not immediately clear to us. Practical Application: Bring your worries and needs to Jesus through Mary’s intercession . Develop the habit of praying the Rosary, especially in moments of doubt or need. Trust in God’s timing. Like Mary, be patient and confident, knowing that Jesus will work for our good, even if we don’t see immediate results. 3. Jesus’ Address to Mary: “Woman” When Jesus calls Mary “Woman,” it may seem unusual, but it is actually a title of respect. John uses this title here at Cana and later at Calvary, linking the beginning and the end of Jesus’ ministry. This connection highlights Mary’s unique role in salvation history. John’s use of the term “Woman” also recalls the creation story, where Eve is referred to as “woman” and mother of all living but brought sin into the world through disobedience. Mary, as the new Eve, becomes the spiritual mother of all believers, fully cooperating in the mission of Christ. Through her “yes” to God, Mary becomes a vital part of God’s plan to bring salvation to the world. Practical Application: Reflect on Mary’s role as the new Eve and our spiritual mother. Turn to her for guidance and inspiration as you follow Christ. Recognize the significance of Jesus’ words, linking Mary’s role from the wedding at Cana to Calvary, and allow this connection to deepen your devotion to her. 4. The Transformative Power of Jesus The miracle of turning water into wine is not just an impressive act—it is a sign of transformation. Ordinary water becomes the finest wine. This miracle prefigures the new covenant in Jesus, where He transforms not only elements like water into wine but also our lives, filling them with His grace. The steward’s words, “You have kept the best wine until now,” remind us of the abundance and goodness of God’s gifts. Jesus doesn’t just meet our needs—He exceeds them, pouring out His grace in ways that surpass our expectations. Practical Application: Reflect on areas of your life where you feel like “the wine has run out”—your relationships, work, faith, or health. Invite Jesus into these areas, asking Him to transform them with His grace. Recognize the blessings in your life. Sometimes, we fail to notice the “best wine” God has given us because we are focused on what we lack. Cultivate gratitude. 5. The Revelation of Jesus’ Glory This miracle is described as the first of Jesus’ signs, where He “let His glory be seen, and His disciples believed in Him.” The disciples’ faith deepened as they witnessed this act of divine power. In the same way, Jesus continues to reveal His glory to us today—through the sacraments, Scripture, the Church, and even the ordinary moments of our lives. Like the disciples, we are invited to believe more strongly in Him and to share this faith with others. Practical Application: Pay attention to the ways Jesus reveals His glory in your life. It could be through answered prayers, moments of peace, or the love of those around you. Deepen your faith by spending time with the Word of God. The more we know Jesus, the more we recognize His presence and glory in our lives. Conclusion The wedding at Cana is not just a story from long ago. It is a living reminder of Jesus’ abundant grace, His power to transform, and His deep love for us. Let us take Mary’s advice to heart: “Do whatever He tells you.”May Jesus reveal His glory in your life, transform your water into wine, and strengthen your faith. Like the disciples, may we believe in Him more strongly and share His love with the world. Amen What is the Catholic understanding of marriage? How to Prepare for Marriage? What are the Documents needed before Marriage? Why Church-Issued Marriage Certificates Need Registrar Attestation? How to get attestation of a Church issued Marriage Certificate by a Christian Civil Registrar of marriages (Government of Maharashtra, India)

Explore our Apologetics page for insightful resources, thoughtful answers, and faith-based discussions. Strengthen your understanding of Catholic beliefs and confidently address questions about your faith." Apologetics Fr. Vincent Barboza is actively involved in conducting courses in Catholic Apologetics in the Archdiocese of Bombay. He and his team of Bishops, Priests, and laypeople have trained priests, sisters and laypeople in Apologetics. He was trained under Bp. Emeritus Agnelo Gracias and Late Fr. Leslie Ratus, Professors of St. Pius X Seminary, Mumbai. Since 2014 he and his team of Bishops, priests and laypeople have conducted a residential training programme every year and trained Catholics from Mumbai, parts of India and abroad. This course in Apologetics has deepened and enriched their personal faith in Jesus Christ and the Catholic Church as the depository of God’s Truth. He is proud to inform you that 2 participants have joined the seminary to become a priest. It is not only men participants who were inspired to choose a vocation to the priesthood but also women. One of the women participants who studied Phd. in Screen Engineering, was inspired to become a religious sister. What surprised us was that she chose to join a Cloistered Nun. Among men participants, one has already become a priest for the diocese of Belgaum and another participant was ordained a Priest for the diocese of Pune. Who says young people don't respond to God’s call in this materialistic world? Miracles do happen. Youtube videos on differernt topics of Catholic Faith Explanation on different topics ARE CATHOLICS GUILTY OF IDOLATRY? Why do Catholics pray to Saints? Group Pictures of different batches of Apologetics Training Programme 2015 BATCH 2016 BATCH 2019 BATCH 2020 BATCH 2024 Batch

On Palm Sunday we celebrate Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem — a moment of praise, palms, and hosannas. But behind the joy lies a deeper truth: the road ahead leads to the Cross. From Hosanna to the Cross: Walking with Christ Through Holy Week Today we stand at the threshold of Holy Week, holding palm branches in our hands — symbols of both celebration and contradiction. Palm Sunday begins with a parade, a triumphant welcome of Jesus into Jerusalem. But it ends with us walking the slow road to the Cross. We move from the cheers of “Hosanna!” to the sobering silence of the tomb. Let’s pause and take in the full weight of this moment. 1. The King on a Donkey Jesus rides into Jerusalem not on a warhorse, but on a donkey. Not with an army, but with fishermen and sinners. He doesn't enter to claim political power, but to offer saving love. This is the kind of King we follow — humble, peaceful, and painfully misunderstood. In the ancient world, a donkey was the ride of a king who came in peace. Not exactly the red carpet entrance the crowd expected from the "Messiah." But Jesus wasn’t coming to take sides. He was coming to take over — not Jerusalem’s throne, but the throne of our hearts. 2. The Crowd That Turned — From “Hosanna” to “Crucify Him” The people shouted, “Hosanna!” — which means, “Save us now!” But just a few days later, the same crowd would cry, “Crucify Him!” Why the change? Because Jesus didn’t meet their expectations. They wanted a liberator from Rome. He came to liberate them from sin. They wanted victory without sacrifice. He offered love through suffering. And isn’t that still our struggle today? We follow Jesus… until He challenges our comfort. We shout “Hosanna” when He heals us… but do we also follow Him when He carries a Cross? 3. The Call of Palm Sunday Palm Sunday invites us not to wave branches from the sidelines, but to walk with Jesus — all the way to Calvary. The palms we hold are not just decoration — they’re a declaration. A declaration that we believe in a King who reigns not from a golden throne, but from a wooden Cross. A declaration that we are willing to follow Him through Holy Week — not just in celebration, but in sacrifice. So the question is not: “Will we shout ‘Hosanna’ today?” The real question is: “Will we stay with Him through Holy Thursday, Good Friday… and all the way to Easter?” 4. Will You Walk with Him This Week? Jesus is inviting you this week to: Sit with Him in the Upper Room on Holy Thursday — where He gives His Body and Blood. Watch and pray with Him in Gethsemane — where He sweats blood and feels abandoned. Stand at the foot of the Cross on Good Friday — where He offers His life, not just for the world, but for you. And then, to rejoice with Him on Easter Sunday — when death is defeated, and hope is born again. But we can’t skip from Palm Sunday to Easter. There is no Resurrection without the Cross. There is no Easter joy without Holy Week sorrow. Conclusion So today, as we wave our palms and remember the crowds, let us make a decision: Not just to admire Jesus from afar… But to follow Him closely — even if the road leads to the Cross. Because beyond the Cross lies the empty tomb. And beyond death… is life. Palm Sunday: Jesus' Journey Towards Sacrifice and Salvation

The Healing Prayer of Command is a powerful prayer that calls upon the authority of Jesus Christ to command healing over sickness, pain, and affliction. Just as Jesus commanded healing in the Gospels, believers can pray with boldness, trusting in His divine authority to restore health and wholeness. Healing Prayer of Command Precious Lord Jesus, You came into the world to heal our infirmities and endure our sufferings. You went about healing all who were sick and bringing comfort to those in pain. By a simple command you rebuked Peter’s mother-in-law’s fever. You spoke directly to the illness, condemned it for its actions and commanded it to leave her body. In the same way, Lord, you have called all of your disciples to follow your example. You have given us power over all the works of the enemy and sent us forth to make disciples of all nations. In the healing tradition of the church, and through my obedience to your written Word, I hereby take authority over all forms of sickness and disease that have been attacking my body. In the name of Jesus, under the power and authority of the Lord God Almighty, I command all forms of demonic illness to leave my body now and go straight to the feet of Jesus Christ. Your assignment and influences are over. I rebuke all pain in the name of Jesus, and I command it to get out of my body right now. I rebuke all spirits of infirmity, nerve disorder, lung disorder, brain disorder, heart disease, AIDS, cancer, hypochondria, fatigue, anorexia, leukemia, arthritis, tumors, abnormal growths, diabetes and all other forms of sickness to leave my body now in the name of Jesus. Lord Jesus, I thank you for your healing power. I ask you to send forth your ministering, medical and surgical angels, to repair and restore any damage that was caused in my body by the presence of sin, sickness or demonically influenced infirmities. I ask that you send forth your Holy Spirit and fill me with your love, light, peace and joy. Come Holy Spirit and transform me into the child of God that you intended me to be. I pray in your Precious Holy Name. Amen

Discover the significance of Baptism and its role in the Christian faith. Explore key topics including the meaning of Baptism, infant vs. adult Baptism, role of godparents and many other topics. What is Baptism? Baptism, the first sacrament of Christian life Is Baptism for Infant or Adult This page explores the Catholic teaching on Baptism for both, its biblical foundation, and the importance of receiving this sacrament at any stage of life. Is Baptism by pouring or immersion or both? This article explains the different valid forms of Baptism in the Catholic Church The role of Godparents The article explores the role of godparents, their responsibilities and the Church’s requirements, and the significance of their role in nurturing a strong Christian life."

Welcome to our Website! Explore inspiring Christian contents, faith-filled resources and engaging videos to uplift your spirit and guide you on your journey of faith. Discover hope, courage and joy of living a purpose driven life. Welcome to Fr. Vincent Barboza's Official Website Your journey of faith, enlightenment, and spiritual growth begins here. At frvincentbarboza.com, our mission is to inspire, educate, and guide you to live a Christ-centered life. Rooted in the call to be "the salt of the earth and light of the world" (Mt 5:13-16), this platform offers resources to deepen your understanding of the Catholic faith and enrich your spiritual journey. Explore Our Offerings: Weekly Sunday Reflections to inspire your faith journey. Stories of transformation and grace shared in the Testimonies section. Thought-provoking Articles and Blog posts on contemporary issues and timeless truths. Multimedia Content featuring videos and reflections to connect with messages of hope and faith. Engaging Q&A to address your questions about faith, theology, and Church teachings. Whether you are seeking answers, spiritual renewal, or a deeper connection with God, you’ll find valuable insights and resources here. Let’s journey together to bring meaning, purpose, and God’s light into your life. Join the Mission Stay connected through our reflections and resources. Explore, engage, and grow in faith today.