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Baptism Baptism is the first Sacrament of Initiation and it is the sacrament of admission to the faith, bringing sanctifying grace to the person being baptized. In Catholicism the baptism of infants is the most common form, but unbaptized children or adults who wish to join the faith must also receive the sacrament. A person is to be baptized only once in their life, and the Catholic Church recognizes baptisms done by other mainline Christian Churches as valid. In the rite of baptism holy water is usually sprinkled or poured on the head by a priest who simultaneously invokes the Trinity with the words, "I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." The old self is said to die in the waters, and a new self emerges, mirroring the death and resurrection of Christ. Given that the sacrament is understood as a requirement for salvation , anyone, even non-baptized persons, can baptize someone as the situation requires. Infant Baptism To get your child baptised the couple have to undergo Pre-Baptism Catechesis if it is the first child. They have to register in the Parish Office, preferably in the early months of pregnancy. It is an ancient custom and also a requirement of Church law that each new Christian have at least one sponsor, traditionally called a godparent, who together with the parents presents an infant for baptism. A sponsor have to be practising Catholic who alongwith parents also helps the baptized person to lead a Christian life in keeping with baptism and to fulfill faithfully the obligations” of this new life. (Code of Canon Law, 872). The Catechesis is also for the God-parents. Adult Baptism Following the spread of Christianity in the first few generations after the resurrection of Jesus, the Catholic Church developed a process to prepare adults for entry into the Church through the Sacraments of Initiation: Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Communion (Eucharist). Today, the Church calls this process the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults or RCIA. Through this process, those who express interest in becoming Catholic are welcomed into a special community within the parish to learn about the teachings of Jesus and his Church. To get more information about Adult Baptism meet the priest of the parish. Fr. Vincent Barboza says Catholic Church has two ways of administering the Baptism: Infant and Adult Baptism and both are valid. There are also in the Catholic Church Baptism by immersion and Baptism by pouring .

EUCHARIST The Eucharist , or Holy Communion, is another sacrament of initiation and can be received daily if desired. It is the central rite of Catholic worship. A baptized child's First Communion is usually celebrated in Archdiocese around age nine and is preceded by their first confession (the sacrament of Reconciliation). During the mass the priest consecrates bread and wine, the elements of the Eucharist, which are transubstantiated into the body and blood of Christ . As a memorial of Christ’s sacrifice on the cross and in a reflection of his Last Supper with his disciples, the congregation then shares in the sacred meal. Special lay ministers (i.e., non-priests) are trained to bring the consecrated elements to the ill or otherwise homebound so that all Catholics can participate. Fr. Vincent Barboza celebrating First Holy Communion Mass at Our Lady of Forsaken Church, Malwani Colony, Malad West first holy communion Welcome to this important time in your family’s life with Jesus Christ and His Church. This preparation time for First Communion marks a new chapter in your family’s faith life as Catholics. Your child will be able to participate fully in the worship life of your parish by receiving Jesus in the Eucharist each week. So, this preparation is not just for his/her “first” Communion; it is preparation for a lifetime that only begins with First Communion.

IS THERE A PURGATORY AND WHY PRAY FOR THE DEAD? Fr.Leslie J. Ratus THE FUNDAMENTALIST OBJECTION To Fundamentalists Purgatory is another “invention” of the Catholic Church, for they claim that neither the word nor the doctrine is found in the pages of the Bible. Since the doctrine of Purgatory is biblically unfounded, it follows that the Catholic practice of praying for the dead is superstitious. THE CATHOLIC ANSWER The fundamentalist objection has two interrelated parts: (1) The first refers to doctrine: is there a Purgatory? are we to believe in a Purgatory? and (2) The second refers to practice: may we pray for the dead or is this superstition? does praying for the dead make sense? The second part depends of the first: if there is a Purgatory, then praying for the dead is perfectly reasonable. 1. THE TERM “PURGATORY” At the very outset we must question the fundamentalist objection, that “we cannot find the word ‘Purgatory’ anywhere in the Bible.” Just because a. term is not found in the Bible does not mean that we are to reject the truth conveyed by that term. For example, the terms “Trinity” and “Incarnation” and “Bible” are not found in the Bible, and yet fundamentalists most certainly hold the truths which these terms convey. We are not discussing here about “terms,” but about “truths.” It is true that the term “Purgatory” is not found in the Bible but was coined later on in the history of the Church. But this does not mean that the truth that the Catholic Church teaches when it uses the term “Purgatory” is not found in the Bible. As we shall see, the truth conveyed by the term is taught in the Bible. 2. THE NEW TESTAMENT EXPLICITLY SPEAKS OF TWO STATES: HEAVEN AND HELL The New Testament clearly and explicitly speaks of the states of Heaven and Hell, either of which is a person’s final destination after life on earth. (1) General Judgment: Heaven (eternal glory with God) or Hell (eternal torment without God) are the ultimate states of men and women after what is called the “general judgment.” The majority of references in the New Testament concern the general judgment which will take place at the end of the world with the glorious manifestation of Jesus Christ:. For example, consider these parables all in Matthew’s Gospel: the wheat and the weeds (13:24—30), the net with good and bad fish (13:47—50),’the marriage feast (22:1—14), the wicked servant (24:45—51), the ten bridesmaids (25:1—13), the talents (25:14—30), the sheep and the goats (25:31—46). (2) Particular Judgment: What about those who die before the end of the world? Do they have to wait in “suspended animation” until the general judgment? No. Because there is a judgment that comes immediately after death — this is called the “particular judgment.” Hence, according to Christian belief, reincarnation is surely excluded. * Lk 16:19—31 — The rich man and Lazarus were judged immediately after their death: one went to hell, the other to heaven. * Heb 9:27 — “It is appointed for men to die once, and after that comes judgment” (Heb 9:27). We are judged instantly and receive our reward, for good or ill. As a result of the particular judgement, we know at once what our final destiny will be : for Heaven or for Hell 3. THE NEW TESTAMENT IMPLICITLY SPEAKS OF A THIRD STATE: PURGATORY 3.1. Between the Particular and the General Judgments From what has been said above, after the particular judgment a person may go to Heaven, if he is completely fit for heaven, or to Hell, if he is completely unfit for Heaven. But what happens to those who are not completely fit for Heaven? It is here, between the particular and the general judgments, that the state of purgatory or purification becomes very necessary. Does the New Testament refer to this third” state? 3.2. Scriptural basis (1) Let us first consider two texts that are usually quoted in Church documents to speak of Purgatory. (a) 2.Maccabees 12:39—45 * This is the only scriptural passage to support — and that only indirectly — the doctrine of Purgatory; it refers to an intermediary state between blessedness and damnation. In the battle against the Syrian forces led by Gorgias, Judas Maccaheus found that, contrary to the prescriptions of the law (cf.Deut 7:25), some of the Jewish soldiers who had died in the battle had been wearing pagan amulets (vv.39-40). Concluding that their death was a divine punishment, Judas made a collection among the survivors in order to have expiatory sacrifices offered for the dead in Jerusalem, that they might be freed from their sins (vv.41—43a). The inspired author commends Judas’ action for it expressed both his faith in the resurrection (cf.2 Mac 12:43), and his conviction that the dead can be helped by the prayers and sacrifices of the living (cf.2 Mac 12:42— 44). The fallen soldiers are not damned since they expect the final resurrection (2 Mac 12:45), but they still stand in need of purification. ‘Therefore he made atonement for the dead, that they may be delivered from their sin.H This intermediary need for purification is substantially Purgatory. In conversing with fundamentalists, Catholics must recognize the weakness and the strength of this text in justifying Purgatory, - Weakness: Protestants and Fundamentalists refuse to admit the divine inspiration of 1-2 Maccabees, And so they reject the value of 2 Mac 12:39-45. - Strength: Even if we concede to the Protestants/Fundamentalists the non-inspired value of the text, the text still has a historical value, It reveals that in the 2nd century B.C. there had arisen in Judaism the practice of praying for the dead, and that this practice was accepted and praised. Thus the state of Purgatory is implicitly or indirectly believed in. This practice of praying for the dead and the implicit belief in was accepted and continued by the Christian Church. (b) 1 Cor 3:10-15 This is another text quoted in reference to Purgatory which has had a centuries-long tradition behind it. But today it is generally acknowledged that to derive the doctrine of Purgatory from this text is to arbitrarily distort Paul’s thought The entire context deals with the quality of the work of God’s ministers. In verse 13 we note that: * Paul is thinking only of the last day, not of any intermediary state beginning at death. * It is not the persons of the ministers that are to be purified, but their work that is to be tested. * Finally, the “fire” is not one of purification but rather one of discrimination; the fire will test the work of the ministers. Vatican II speaks of Purgatory in passing, but significantly. after a quick reference to 2Mac 12:39-45, passes over 1 Cor 3:10-15 in silence. But 1 Cor 3:10-15 reappears in the “Catechism of the Catholic Church.” (2) Other texts that indirectly refer to Purgatory (a) Mt 12:32 — When speaking of the unforgivable sin, Jesus said: “whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come” (Mt 12:32). Though Jesus does not say so expressly, it would appear that there are sins, not against the Holy Spirit, which can be forgiven in the next life. “As for certain lesser faults, we must believe that, before the Final Judgment, there is a purifying fire. He who is truth says that whoever utters blasphemy against the Holy Spirit will be pardoned neither in this age nor in the age of come. From this sentence we understand that certain offenses can be forgiven in this age, but certain others in the age to come” (St.Gregory the Great, 540- 604). (b) Mt 5:26 — “Truly, I say to. you, you will never get out till you have paid the last penny.” This verse speaks Of expiation for sins committed. If this expiation is not fully satisfied in this life, then it will need to be in the next. (c) Rev 21:27 — “Nothing unclean shall enter it (the heavenly city).” Jesus says, “I tell you, on the day of judgment men will render account for every careless word they utter; for by your words, you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned” (Mt 12:36-37). Who among us can expect to be so clean at the hour of death as to be able to go straight to heaven? Yes, through God’s mercy and the merits of Christ’s sacrifice, we must hope to die in the grace of God, repentant and forgiven of our sins; but how can we be sure of having expiated, with our repentance and acts of penance, for all our countless sins, even for our “idle” or “careless” words? God will not condemn us to hell for venial sins or slight faults (as our “idle” or “careless” words), but since “nothing unclean shall enter heaven,” there should be necessarily a place or state of “purification” (Purgatory) before going to heaven. (3) Scriptural silence regarding praying for the dead (a) The Scriptures are silent with regard to the practice of praying for the dead. But remember the general principle: just because some truth or practice is not explicitly mentioned in the Bible does not mean that it was not part of the Church’s belief and life. (b) There are the several occasions when we would have expected the mention of such a practice but it is passed over in silence. Not surprisingly. * InActs 12:1—5 James is put to death by Herod and Peter is imprisoned: the community prays for Peter who is alive, but not for James who is dead. There-was no need to pray for James, because he was a martyr and so was with God in glory. * In 1 Thes 4:13—18 Paul is trying to console his Christians who grieve over the death of their loved ones, but there is not a word about praying for them. The ‘context is about their being present at the second coming of Jesus, not about their present state after death. Hence, the silence is understandable. * Heb 12:1 follows ch.11. which speaks of the heroes of faith; they are with God. Hence, there is no need to pray for them. * Heb 13:7 exhorts the readers to follow the example of their leaders. There is no reason to suppose that the leaders were dead; the whole context of ch.13 concerns the living. Hence, the question of praying for them does not arise. The scriptural silence does not allow us to conclude one way or the other: either that the first century Church rejected or accepted the practice of praying for the dead. (4) The following texts are not anti-Purgatory The texts quoted by Fundamentalists do not prove anything against Purgatory. (a) “It is better to be with Christ” (Phil 1:23) “at home with the Lord” (2 Cor 5:8). Certainly! That is why the souls in Purgatory are longing ardently to be in heaven, as soon as they are purified. (b) Jn 5:24 gives us the word of Christ: ‘He who hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life.” Very true. That is why the souls in Purgatory, who are believers, are sure to go to heaven after their purification. (c) “Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord ... they may rest from their labors” (Rev 14:13) refer clearly to those who die “in the Lord”, i.e. in God’s (sanctifying) grace, because they are sure of going to heaven, either immediately as the baptized infants or the martyrs, or after their purification in Purgatory; and so, in heaven they will surely “rest from their labors.” 4. CHURCH TRADITION The scriptural testimony regarding Purgatory is admittedly meagre. Nevertheless, this tiny scriptural seed gradually developed into the doctrine of Purgatory from the 2nd century onwards. Fundamentalists are fond of saying that the Catholic Church “invented” the doctrine of Purgatory, but they have trouble saying just when. Most professional anti-Catholics seem to place the blame on Pope Gregory the Great (A.D. 590-604). But belief in the doctrine of Purgatory and the practice of praying for the dead existed since the earliest period of the Church. (1) The first three centuries: (a) By the end of the 2nd century the Church began to pray not only TO the departed as to powerful intercessors before God, but also FOR the dead, for the Church is conscious that the efficacy of prayer transcends not only the barrier of space but also of time. From then on there are innumerable cases of the Church’s supplication to God for the departed, especially within the eucharistic celebration - precisely in keeping with the spirit of 2 Mac 12. (b) The graffiti in the catacombs attest that the earliest Christians during the persecutions of the first three centuries, prayed for their dead. Indeed, some of the earliest non-inspired Christian writings, such as the “Act of Paul and Tecla” (2nd.c), refer to the Christian custom of praying for the dead, Such prayers would have been made only if Christians believed in purgatory, even if they did not use that name for it. (2) The fourth century: It is within this general, all-embracing atmosphere of praying for the dead that the explicit doctrine of Purgatory emerged. (a)In the Church of the West, we have the witness of St.Augustine (354-430). He wrote that the final purification does not affect all men (Civitas Dei, 20.26,1); it takes place immediately after death (Civitas Dei 21.13); purgatorial fire is probably metaphorical or symbolic, not real (Civitas Dei 21.4). We also recall that, in the 4th century, St.Monica, the mother of Augustine, asked her son to remember her soul in his Masses. This would have made no sense if she thought her soul could not be helped by prayers, if she thought there was no possibility of being somewhere other than heaven or hell. (b) In the Church of the East, we have this moving testimony of St.John Chrysostom (between 344—406): “If it is a sinner that died, even then we should rejoice, for his sins have come to an end ... and as far as possible we should try to help him, not with our tears, but with our prayers, with our supplications ... and sacrificial offerings. For all these things have not been thought out with temerity. Nor we remember uselessly in the eucharistic mysteries those who have departed . . . These are not theatrical performance by any means: they are ordained by the Holy Spirit. Let us therefore help them and make their commemoration ... For w are all one body ... And it may well happen that with our prayers and offerings we shall obtain for them the total remission of their sins . .. Why do you mourn for them? Why do you weep and lament?” (John Chrysostom,”In Cor.Hom.” 41,4f: Patrologia Graeca 61,361). The Church, in the West and in the East, conscious of the close bonds of union that knits its members into one body, into one “communion of saints,” prays for the living, prays to the dead, and prays for the dead. Thus, though the present practice of praying for the dead may not have direct and explicit New Testament basis, it is nevertheless a legitimate post—biblical development in harmony with Scripture. (3) Why no contrary views? Early Church history teaches that Christians in the first centuries were prepared, quite literally, to take up arms, if anyone proposed a doctrine that was not believed by their ancestors. If the doctrine of purgatory was “invented” by the clergy, why has ecclesiastical history recorded no protest? There are no such protests by “true believers” in the postapostolic years complaining that purgatory was a novel doctrine. Christians must have understood that the oral teaching of the apostles, what Catholics call Tradition, and the Bible not only did not contracdict the doctrine but endorsed it. (4) Development of two understandings of the nature of Purgatory Given the scriptural silence with regard to the very existence of Purgatory, let alone its nature, it is not surprising that two different yet complementary understandings of the nature of Purgatory should have developed, in the Ea5t and in the West, both legitimate, but both also partial and one-sided, if taken in isolation. (a) The West: Juridicial understanding (based on God’s Justice) The western understanding of Purgatory, following Peter Lombard, made a distinction between sin proper and the punishment (satisfaction and expiation) for sin. * Even when sin itself has been forgiven, there is the punishment for sin that must be undergone in order that the requirements of justice be fulfilled (e.g. the penalty in civil or criminal cases). Man must atone for his sin, for this is strictly demanded by divine justice. * Thus, God is presented as a stern judge who demands satisfaction from sinful men, either in this life or in the next. The western understanding of Purgatory is therefore juridical, centred both on the serious reality of man’s sin and on the strict demands of God’s justice. Man must simply pay for his past sinful deeds. He does this in Purgatory. (b) The East: Mystical understanding (based on God’s Love) The eastern understanding did not make a distinction between sin proper and punishment for sin. The focus was not so much on sin as on the person of the sinner; not so much on God’s justice as on God’s love. * The sanctity of God will not stand for the slightest stain of sin that adheres to a person. For only the pure can enter into full communion with God. * Purgatory is conceived as a process of purification and maturation. Purgatory is the final stage of spiritual growth, the moment when man reaches a state of maturation and perfection that he had not achieved in life. It is the final cleansing of a man before his eventual union with God. This conception of Purgatory is far less juridical than that of the West; it is more internal, more spiritual and mystical. Concluding observations: (a) The Western and the Eastern understandings of Purgatory, though different, are legitimate. They agree on two important features regarding the doctrine of purgatory: * Both are sober in their conception of the nature of Purgatory. * Both insist on the usefulness of prayers for the dead. (b) Both features — expiation and purification — have been accepted into the official teaching of the Church. (c) Our understanding of Purgatory has been shaped more by the Western understanding than by the Eastern understanding. (d) It would appear that the Eastern approach agrees better with the biblical mentality and is likely to be more appealing to modern man than the somewhat harsh Western approach. 5. CHURCH TEACHING (1) The Council of Florence (1439) In its Decree for the Greeks (DS:13O4), this Council tried to strike a careful balance between the Western concept of satisfaction and expiation (juridical) and the Eastern emphasis on purification (mystical).. Out of consideration for the Orientals, the Council deliberately omitted all mention of purgatorial fire, and instead spoke of “purgatorial sufferings.” Further, there is no mention of purgatory as a place. [Earlier, the same teaching was given by the Second Council of Lyons in 1274, DS:856]. (2) The Council of Trent (1563) In 1524 Martin Luther rejected the practice of praying for the dead and the doctrine of Purgatory, and in the following years he was followed by the other Reformers. In response to the position of the Reformers, the Council of Trent, in its “Decree on Purgatory” issued in its 25th Session (1563), declared: “The Catholic Church, instructed by the Holy Spirit and in accordance with sacred Scripture and the ancient Tradition of the Fathers, has taught in the holy Councils and most recently in this ecumenical Council * that there is a purgatory, and * that the souls detained there are helped by the acts of intercession (suffragia) of the faithful and especially by the acceptable sacrifice of the altar. Therefore this holy Council commands the bishops to strive diligently that the sound doctrine of purgatory, handed down by the holy Fathers and the sacred Councils, be believed by the faithful and that it be adhered to, taught and preached everywhere. But * let the more difficult and subtle questions which do not make for edification and, for the most part, are not conducive to an increase of piety (cf.1 Tim 1:4), be excluded from the popular sermons to uneducated people. * Likewise they should not permit opinions that are doubtful and tainted with error to be spread and exposed. * As for those things that belong to the realm of curiosity superstition, or smack of dishonourable gain, they should forbid them as scandalous and injurious to the faithful” (ND,no.2310,pg,627). This statement is notable for its sobriety. Though disciplinary rather than doctrinal in nature, it teaches the existence of Purgatory and the usefulness of praying for the dead, as belonging to the Catholic faith; but it remains silent as regards the nature of purgatory. (3) The Second Vatican Council (1964) We find the same sobriety in this Council’s teaching: * “In full consciousness of this communion of the whole Mystical Body of Jesus Christ, the Church in its pilgrim members, from the very earliest days of the Christian religion, has honored with great respect the memory of the dead (cf. a great many inscriptions in the catacombs of Rome); and ‘because it is a holy and a wholesome thought to pray for the dead that they may be loosed from their sins’ (2 Mac 12:46), she offers her suffrages for them” (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church: no . 50 .1) * “This sacred council accepts loyally the venerable faith of our ancestors in the living communion which exists between us and our brothers who are in the glory of heaven or who are yet being purified after their death . . .“ (no.51.1). (4) The Catechism of the Catholic Church (1992) Notable is the title given to this section in the Catechism: “The Final Purification, or Purgatory.” The Catechism chose to speak of Purgatory in terms of purification. 1030: “All who die in God’s grace and friendship, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation; but after death they undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven.” 1031: “The Church gives the name Purgatory to this final purification of the elect, which is entirely different from the punishment of the damned. The Church formulated her doctrine of faith in Purgatory especially at the Councils of Florence and Trent. The tradition of the Church, by reference to certain texts of Scripture, speaks of a cleansing fire (1 Cor 3:15; 1 Pet 1:7)” 1032: “This teaching also based on the practice of prayer for the dead, already mentioned in Sacred Scripture. ‘Therefore (Judas Maccabeus) made atonement for the dead, that they might be delivered from their sin.’ From the beginning the Church has honored the memory of the dead and offered prayers in suffrage for them, above all the Eucharistic sacrifice, so that, thus purified, they may attain the beatific vision of God. The Church also commends almsgiving, indulgences and works of penance undertaken on behalf of the dead. ‘Let us help and commemorate them. If Job’s sons were purified by their father’s sacrifice, why would we doubt that our offerings for the dead bring them some consolation? Let us not hesitate to help those who have died and to offer ur prayers for them.’ (St.John Chrysostom).” 6. UNDERSTANDING “PURGATORY” (1) A state of final purification and maturation (a) Faith in Jesus Christ brings us eternal life (Jn 3:16). Eternal life is communion with God - the Father through the Son in the Holy Spirit - and communion with the Mystical Body of Christ (the Church). Through faith we already begin to live this communion with God in his Church in this life. But this communion is never perfect. Ours is a continual struggle (cf.Gal 5:16—26) between life in “the flesh” (a self-centred existence) and life in “the Spirit” (a God-centred existence). We sin; we repent; we continually stand in need of purification; through this purification we grow/mature into the fullness of Christ. Throughout our life on earth our encounters with God are so many purifying and maturing experiences. The moment of our death is the final of such encounters. (b) Purification at death is necessary because nothing impure and unholy can enter into the heavenly Jerusalem (cf.Rev 21:27), can come into the presence of the thrice holy God (cf,Is 6:3-5), can share in the glory of God (cf.Ezek 1:28; 3:23). Throughout our life we have been involved in the process of purification and maturation, and when death finds us this process is not complete. Purgatory is best understood as a process by which we are purged of our residual selfishness so that we can really become one with the God who is totally oriented to others, i.e. the self-giving God. Purgatory is the final purifying and maturing encounter with the glorified Christ at the moment of our death. This truth is expressed through the doctrine on Purgatory. (2) Purification involves pain and suffering (a) The Bible often witnesses to this truth: that the nearness of God is both consoling and frightening, it can produce simultaneously bliss and awe, love and fear, attraction and reverential withdrawal. God is often spoken of in terms of “fire” in whose presence there is both joy and suffering: * In the Old Testament: Moses (Ex 3:6); Elijah (1 Kgs 19:13); Daniel (Dan 7:9—10; 8:17—18); Ezekiel (Ezek 3:5). * In the New Testament: The disciples at the transfiguration of Jesus (Mt 17:2,6); the visionary on the island of Patmos (Rev 1:12—17). “Fire” is a good pictorial representation of the sort of encounter we shall have with the risen Lord at death. The “being of light” will appear before us in full splendour, loving and majestic, to confront us with our past life as judge and at the same time to burn away all the engrained egoism and selfishness that still clings to us. We shall thereby be purified, not only from all our sins, but also from our inner sinfulness, from that humiliating drag to sin, the pull of the flesh, all our earth—bound tendencies that will finally be burnt away. And in the process we shall grow, we shall finally attain “the stature of the fullness of Christ” (Eph 4:13). We shall be enveloped in the light radiating from th majestic risen Christ, and our last attachment to sin shall vanish like the morning mist vanishes 1n the splendour of the rising sun. All crises of growth are painful, and, our very last crisis will be no.exception. All of us are covered by thick layers of egotism and self-centredness that prevent the fire of God’s love, lying beneath, to break through, This final break-through of God’s purifying and perfecting love is achieved at the cost of acute suffering and pain. The kind of suffering associated with Purgatory, therefore, is not suffering inflicted upon us from the outside as a punishment for sin, (as in the Western understanding), but the intrinsic pain that we all feel when we are asked to surrender our ego-centred self so that the God-centred loving self may take its place. It is part of the process by which are called to die and rise with Christ. (b) The intensity of the purification has been traditionally expressed through two concepts, which need to be rightly understood. 1. The “fire” of Purgatory: Following what has been said above, this “fire” is not to be understood literally. It is rather a symbolic way of speaking of the painful nature of the purifying encounter with the glorified Christ at the moment of death. This purifying encounter is like coming from out of the darkness into the brightness of the light of the. sun, into the light of the glorified Christ, The rays of the sun can be soothing as well as scorching; they can bring joy or produce pain, depending both on the strength of the sun and on the subjective constitution of the receiver, 2. The “duration” of Purgatory: The duration of the pains of purgatory is another symbolic way of speaking of the degree of intensity of suffering in each person’s purifying moment of death. How long does this process of purification and maturation last? We must remember that this takes place outside time as we know it. With death we pass outside time as we normally conceive it and consequently our quantitative concept of duration cannot be applied to the after-life. We cannot understand duration in terms of days and months and years. Symbolically, then, a “long” purgatory would mean very intense suffering, and a “short’ purgatory would signify a lesser degree of purifying suffering. (3) Need to purify our understanding of Purgatory Purgatory is not so much a place as a purifying and maturing encounter. In the imagery of the past, since medieval times, Purgatory was presented as a place similar to a torture chamber, a concentration camp, or a dentist’s room. For all practical purposes, Purgatory was Hell without its everlasting aspect (cf.Dante’s “Divine Comedy”). Purgatory as a place of torture, with fire, flames, concrete and measurable duration, etc. is passed over in silence in the Church’s official teaching (See point 5 above). All further questions like the nature of purgatorial fire, its comparison with hell—fire, the manner it affects man, can be dismissed off as idle and superfluous. This is the popular domain in which imagination has in the past run riot, an area where a much greater sobriety is called for. Unfortunately the prudent sobriety of the official Church with regard to the doctrine of purgatory has not always been imitated by preachers and catechists who have not hesitated to supplement this cautious reserve of the Magisterium of the Church with colourful and wild figments of their imagination. A restrained use of images may prove moderately useful but when an unbridled imagination “turns purgatory into a gigantic torture chamber, a cosmic concentration camp, in which hapless creatures are punished to an accompaniment of shrieks and groans, then we must affirm that it has overstepped the mark of what can be considered as legitimate and fallen into grotesque ingenuineness at the very least” (Boros, 1965:134) 7. ARE PRAYERS FOR THE DEAD STILL MEANINGFUL? Why should we pray for the dead? If purgatory is reduced to a personal purifying encounter with Christ at the moment of death, and if, on the other hand, this purification takes place outside time as we normally conceive it, it would seem that prayers for the departed, addressed to God hours, days, and even years after their actual death, are perfectly useless, for by that time the departed have already completed their instantaneous purifying process. In other words, the prayers come too late. Does it make any sense to offer Masses for the dead one month or one year after their departure? It does make sense for the following two reasons. (1) The Communion of Saints In a previous paper [“Praying to the Saints”] we have already recognized that the biblical doctrines of “Communion of Saints,” the “Mystical Body of Christ” and Christ’s triumph over death justify our praying for those believers who are still with us in this life (the saints on earth), and our praying to those who are with God in glory (the saints in heaven). The same three biblical doctrines justify our praying for those believers who are in the state of Purgatory. What a consoling truth, to know that by the “communion of the saints” we are still united with our dear departed ones. During their life with us on earth they were supported by the prayers and the sacraments of the Church. Death has not ruptured our communion with them. To pray for the dead, especially through the Eucharist, expresses this continuing communion, solidarity and life in Jesus Christ, whether one does so yesterday, today, or tomorrow. We can pray for the dead for wrong reasons. These wrong reasons are based on a false understanding of: (a) God: namely, a God who cruelly punishes people in a place called Purgatory. Therefore, we hope with our prayers to appease this God, to cool his anger, that he may look upon our dear dead with mercy, and that he may release them from Purgatory. (b) Purgatory: a purgatory that is conceived as an immense torture-chamber. Therefore, our love for our dear dead impels us to pray for them so that they can be released as soon as possible from the horrible torture they are undergoing. Rather, we pray for the dead: 1. to express our communion with and love for them which crosses the boundary of death; 2. to express our confidence and trust in the love of God for our beloved dead which purifies them and draws them into communion with him for ever; 3. to express äür own desire to recommit ourselves to God in Jesus Christ, to be faithful to him till death, so that we shall all be united in the one communion of saints. (2) The Eternal Now of God We are tempted to project our own human condition into the afterlife and consequently to imagine that the afterlife is also affected by time. We are unable to imagine a mode of existence which is not measured in terms of time. God lives in an eternal, timeless Now. For him there is no succession of time, no difference between yesterday and tomorrow (cf.2 Pet 3:8). So does the glorified Christ. With death, a person enters into a realm that is beyond time, and his final purification takes place in the presence of the glorified Christ who is timeless. For God it matters little if our prayers for the departed are offered as the person is about to die, or is actually dying, or has already been dead for some time, for in all three cases the prayers are gathered up into the ever-present Now of God. It therefore makes no difference when they are offered, for from the viewpoint of God they are always seen as present. God’s foreknowledge sees them as present and thus they exercise a mysterious, yet real and efficacious influence in the dying man’s purgatorial process. (3) Conclusion: Here the intuition of the Church is perfectly correct, for both in the East and in the West, she has firmly believed that the dead do benefit from the prayers of the living. We pray daily in the Eucharist: “Remember our brothers and sisters who have gore to their rest in the hope of rising again; bring them and all the departed into the light of your presence” (Second Eucharistic Prayer). It might be wiser not to try to go beyond these sober, general statements, For just as God has revealed and the Church has constantly taught the usefulness of these prayers for the faithful departed, so also both God and the Church have kept silent about the concrete manner in which these prayers affect the person of the deceased and we might as well imitate this sobriety and respect the mystery. Any attempt to go beyond this would amount to fruitless speculation at the service of unchristian curiosity.

Question and Answer DID MOTHER MARY DIE? We believe that Mary being the mother of Jesus was assumed into heaven body and soul at the end of her life. But the question here is whether she was assumed into heaven before or after her death. Did Mary experience bodily death? When Pope Pius XII in 1950 defined the dogma of the Assumption of Mary with the words “The immaculate Mother of God, Mary, ever virgin, when the course of her earthly life was finished, was taken up body and soul into the glory of heaven.” ”The wording of the dogmatic teaching by Pius XII leaves the question unanswered. The text simply says: “when the course of her earthly life was finished….” The text does not say whether Mary died or did not die. The fact that Pius XII did not define that Our Lady died when he defined her bodily Assumption it has been taken by many to mean that she did not die. But the death of Mary is taken for granted by many writers both in eastern and western Christianity who speak of her Assumption, the earliest documents, e.g. the apocryphal “Transitus Mariae,” and later the feast of the Dormition (5th cent.) imply her death. In the preface of the Mass of the Assumption the Church prays ”Today the virgin Mother of God was taken up into heaven to be the beginning and the pattern of the Church in its perfection, and a sign of hope and comfort for your people on their pilgrim way. You would not allow decay to touch her body, for she had given birth to you Son, the Lord of all life, in the glory of the incarnation.” What “decay'' is being referred to in this prayer? The “decay” refers to the corruption of the body that takes place after death. And this decay Mary was not subjected to. And so the tradition both in east and west has leaned towards the belief that she did die prior to her assumption But some theologians feel that, since death is a consequence of sin, and that Mary was conceived immaculately, born without original sin and she was sinless she would have had not died. To this some feel that, since Jesus himself chose to die, wouldn’t it be fitting for his mother to have shared the same fate? The Mother is not superior to the Son who underwent death” Whether Mary died or not no official pronouncements have been made. The definition of the Assumption is silent on the question of her death. Pope Pius XII while giving the dogma of Assumption refrained from saying Mary died before her assumption even though in the document itself Pope Pius XII referred to writings of the early church that she died. The official position of the Church is that we are not sure whether she died or not but rather we focus and believe in the Assumption of Mary into heaven and celebrate this Solemnity with the hope that we too like her will be in heaven with the Lord after our death. Why was 15th August selected to celebrate the feast of Assumption? The dogma on Assumption of Mary into heaven was declared after India's independence on 15th Augusut, 1947? The tradition of Assumption of Mary into heaven was already proclaimed as early as 749 by St. John Damascene. In 1568 Pope Pius V made the feast of the Assumption of Mary into heaven a holy day for the entire Church. In the early church the date of 15th August was celebrated as feast of Mary's dormition or "falling asleep". This feast which originated in the Byzantine Empire probably in the 5th century came into the Western Church but the term dormition was replaced by “Assumption”. Pope Pius XII defined the dogma of the Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary into heaven as doctrine of faith in his Encyclical “Munificentissimus Deus” on 1 November 1950, but the belief in the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in heaven and the feast celebrated on 15th August goes back to early church and long before our country’s independence on 15th August 1947. Why do Catholics pray to Saints? Is it biblical to ask the saints in heaven to pray for us? Catholics say yes, since we are all part of the communion of saints. As the word suggests, the communion of saints refers to the bond of unity among all believers, both living and dead, who are committed followers of Christ. In Christ, we are made part of God’s family (1 Tim 3:15), children of God (1 John 3:1), joint heirs with Christ (Rom 8:17), and partakers of the divine nature (2 Pet 1:4). This family communion of saints is known to Catholics as the Mystical Body of Christ. We are joined in a supernatural union as members of Christ’s own body, and thus as members of one another. Each of us participates in the divine life of Christ Himself. INTERCESSORY PRAYER What we have said about the communion of saints gives us the biblical reasons why Catholics ask the saints to intercede for them: (1) All Christians are members of Christ’s body and one another (Rom 12:5 and many others). (2) Jesus has only one body (Eph 4:4; Col 3:15). (3) Death cannot separate Christians from Christ or from one another (Rom 8:35-39). (4) Christians are bound in mutual love (Rom 12:10; 1 Thess 5:11; Gal 6:2). We are members of Christ’s one body, united in His divine life even beyond the grave, and concerned for each other’s salvation and growth in God’s family. In that union, we call for help and support from our older brothers and sisters who have already won their crown of glory. Just as in our human families we naturally turn to our siblings for aid and example, how much more should we turn to our supernatural family for help and inspiration. Your Question Submit Thanks for submitting!

Why do Catholics pray to Saints? Is it biblical to ask the saints in heaven to pray for us? Catholics say yes, since we are all part of the communion of saints. As the word suggests, the communion of saints refers to the bond of unity among all believers, both living and dead, who are committed followers of Christ. In Christ, we are made part of God’s family (1 Tim 3:15), children of God (1 John 3:1), joint heirs with Christ (Rom 8:17), and partakers of the divine nature (2 Pet 1:4). This family communion of saints is known to Catholics as the Mystical Body of Christ. We are joined in a supernatural union as members of Christ’s own body, and thus as members of one another. Each of us participates in the divine life of Christ Himself. INTERCESSORY PRAYER What we have said about the communion of saints gives us the biblical reasons why Catholics ask the saints to intercede for them: (1) All Christians are members of Christ’s body and one another (Rom 12:5 and many others). (2) Jesus has only one body (Eph 4:4; Col 3:15). (3) Death cannot separate Christians from Christ or from one another (Rom 8:35-39). (4) Christians are bound in mutual love (Rom 12:10; 1 Thess 5:11; Gal 6:2). We are members of Christ’s one body, united in His divine life even beyond the grave, and concerned for each other’s salvation and growth in God’s family. In that union, we call for help and support from our older brothers and sisters who have already won their crown of glory. Just as in our human families we naturally turn to our siblings for aid and example, how much more should we turn to our supernatural family for help and inspiration. Several objections are directed against the Catholic position on intercessory prayer. OBJECTION 1: The saints are dead. Catholics practice necromancy, communication with the dead, which is condemned (Dt 18:10-11). Answer: Necromancy means summoning forth spirits from the shadowy underworld (OT “Sheol”), in order to converse with them. By asking the saints in heaven to intercede for us, Catholics are not conjuring roaming spirits or communicating in any “spiritualistic” way. So prayer to the saints has nothing to do with necromancy. Nor are the saints dead. The saints in heaven are alive and with God: “He is not God of the dead, but of the living” (Mk 12:26-27). In Mark 9:4, Jesus is seen conversing with Elijah and Moses. Jesus tells the Good Thief: “Amen, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise” (Lk 23:43). In fact, the saints in heaven are more alive than we are. They are free from all sin. They enjoy the fullness of God’s life-giving presence. Flooded with God’s love, they care more about us now than they did on earth. Just as Paul asked fellow believers (saints) to pray for him (Rom 15:30; Co14:3; 1 Thess 5:25; Eph 6:18-19; 2 Thess 3:1), now we can ask Paul and the other saints in heaven to pray for us. We are not cut off from each other at death, rather we are brought closer through the communion we share in Christ. We know that angels and saints place the prayers of the holy ones at God’s feet (Tob 12:12; Rev 5:8; Rev 8:3-4), supporting those prayers with their intercessions. The martyrs underneath the heavenly altar cry out for earthly vindication (Rev 6:9-11), showing they are aware of, and concerned with, earthly affairs. The angels and saints in heaven will intercede for us before the throne of God if they are petitioned in prayer. OBJECTION 2: 1 Tim 2:5 says there is one mediator between God and man. Isn’t prayer to the saints in violation of 1 Tim 2:5? Answer: I Tim 2:5 must be understood in the light of 1 Peter 2:5: “let yourselves be built into a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.” St. Peter says that Christians share in the one, eternal priesthood of Jesus Christ. Jesus is mediator between God and man because of His priesthood. Therefore, to share in Christ’s priesthood means to share in His mediatorship, both in heaven and on earth. 1 Tim 2:5 confirms that we share in Christ’s mediation, when we read it in context. In verses 1-7, St. Paul asks Christians to participate in Christ’s unique mediation by offering prayers and intercessions for all men: “this is good and pleasing to God.” We are called to unite ourselves to the one mediator Christ, “who gave himself as a ransom for all,” by praying for all men, through Christ. Because Christians share in the priesthood of Christ, we share in a lesser and dependent way in His unique mediation, interceding for all men. Fellow Christians on earth intercede for each other in prayer without contradicting the unique mediation of Jesus Christ. Likewise, there is no contradiction of I Tim 2:5 if the saints in heaven intercede for us with their prayers. All prayer, whether in heaven or on earth, is in Christ and through Christ, our one mediator and high priest. The principle is this: although God alone possesses all perfections, we can participate in God’s perfections by sharing in His divine life. For example, the Bible says only God is good (Mk 10:18). Yet we can share in that absolute Goodness: “Well done, my good and faithful servant” (Mt 25:23). Jesus shares many of His unique roles with Christians in lesser ways. Jesus is the Creator of all things (Jn 1:3; Col 1:16-17), and yet He shares this role with men and women in procreation. Jesus is the only Shepherd (Jn 10:11-16), yet He delegates his role to St. Peter (Jn 21:1546) and later to others (Eph 4:11). Jesus is the eternal High Priest, mediating His once-for-all sacrifice for our redemption (Heb 3:1, 7:24, 9:12. 10:12), and yet Christians are also ca1led to join in Christ’s priesthood, as we have seen (1 Pet 2:5; Rev 1:6, 5:10). Obviously, Christ is the unique and primary Creator, Shepherd, and Priest, but each Christian participates in these roles in subordinate ways. By sharing Christ’s divine life, Christians also share in Christ’s role as the only mediator. OBJECTION 3: The saints in heaven can’t hear us. Answer: Why not? Aren’t they more alive now than when they were with us? The medium of communication is Christ himself - the vine between the branches. We and the saints form one communion, one body of Christ, being members of Him and members of one another. Heb 12:1 tells us that we are surrounded by “a cloud of witnesses.” How could those watching be unconcerned about our welfare? Look at Rev 5:8 and Rev 8:3. The petitions offered as incense to God must be for those who still need help, the holy ones on earth. They are offered by those who can help the most, the holy ones in heaven. In the parable of Lazarus and the rich man (Lk 16:19-30), the departed rich man is able to pray to Abraham and intercede for his brothers. This implies that there can be communication across the abyss, and that fraternal charity extends beyond the grave. We are certain that the saints in heaven enjoy the face to face vision of God (1 Cor. 13:12; 1 Jn 3:2). It is in this vision that they are aware of our prayers to them. OBJECTION 4: How can saints hear all these prayers, from all different people, all the time? It must sound like a deafening babble. Answer: Heaven has no space or time. Everything appears to God as one eternal present. Like God, the saints are outside of the limitations of space and time. Our earthly way of knowing is limited and incomplete. “At present, we see indistinctly, as in a mirror, but then face to face. At present I know partially; then 1 shall know fully, as 1 am fully known” (1 Cor 13:12). Our heavenly way of knowing is full and perfect.

ARE CATHOLICS GUILTY OF IDOLATRY? OR DO CATHOLICS WORSHIP IDOLS? OBJECTION AGAINST CATHOLICS: Catholics make statues, pictures, medals and other depictions of Jesus Christ, Mary, and the saints, and they worship them and thus commit sin of idolatry. Catholics violate the word of God as written in the Old Testament Ex 20:4-5: “You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down and serve them.” THE CATHOLIC ANSWER This accusation against the Catholics lack both biblical and rational basis This anti-image attitude of these people is one instance of their general anti-incarnational position, which tends to downplay the bodiliness of Christian worship: hence they are against images, rituals, sacraments, and the sacramentals. 1. THE TEACHING OF THE BIBLE a) God forbids idolatry and the worship of idols ( Rom 1:21-23; 1 Cor 8:4). b) But the Decalogue (Ten Commandments) does not forbid the making of images c) The Lord himself commanded that images be carved and painted, not as gods or idols, but to help worshippers and to put them in an atmosphere of devotion and artistic beauty. Exodus 25:10-20 The Lord commanded Moses to make an ark of acacia wood. “You shall put into the ark the testimony which I shall give you….You shall make two cherubim of gold ... on the two ends of the mercy seat. Make one cherub on the one end, and one cherub on the other end ... The cherubim shall spread out their wings above, overshadowing the mercy seat with their wings . . .” Exodus 37:7-9 “He made two great winged creatures of beaten gold, putting them at the two ends of the mercy-seat, one winged creature at one end and the other winged creature at the other end, making the winged creatures of a piece with the mercy-seat at either end. The winged creatures had their wings spread upwards, protecting the ark with their wings and facing each other, their faces being towards the mercy-seat” 1 Kings 6:23-35 “In the Debir he made two great winged creatures of wild-olive wood. It was ten cubits high. One winged creature's wing was five cubits long and the other wing five cubits: ten cubits from wing tip to wing tip. The other winged creature also measured ten cubits; both had the same measurements and the same shape.” 1 Kings 8:6-7 “The priests brought the ark of the covenant of Yahweh to its place, in the Debir of the Temple, that is, in the Holy of Holies, under the wings of the winged creatures for the winged creatures spread their wings over the place where the ark stood, forming a canopy over the ark and its shafts” Numbers 21:7-8 “The people came and said to Moses, 'We have sinned by speaking against Yahweh and against you. Intercede for us with Yahweh to save us from these serpents.' Moses interceded for the people, and Yahweh replied, 'Make a fiery serpent and raise it as a standard. Anyone who is bitten and looks at it will survive. Moses then made a serpent out of bronze and raised it as a standard, and anyone who was bitten by a serpent and looked at the bronze serpent survive” Wis 16:7-8 “for whoever turned to it was saved, not by what he looked at, but by you, the Saviour of all. 8 And by such means you proved to our enemies that you are the one who delivers from every evil” 2 Kgs 18:3-4 “ He did what Yahweh regards as right, just as his ancestor David had done. He abolished the high places, broke the pillars, cut down the sacred poles and smashed the bronze serpent which Moses had made; for up to that time the Israelites had offered sacrifices to it; it was called Nehushtan”. Jn 3:14-15 “ as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so must the Son of man be lifted up15 so that everyone who believes may have eternal life in him” 2. CATHOLIC TEACHING & PRACTICE: IMAGES ARE VENERATED NOT WORSHIPPED a) Catholic teaching The Official Teaching of the Catholic Church (The Decree of 3rd December 1563 of the Council of Trent, Session XXV) “Images of Christ, of the Virgin Mother of God and of other saints are to be kept and preserved, in places of worship especially; and to them due honor and veneration is to be given, not because it is believed that there is in them anything divine or any power for which they are revered, nor in the sense that something is sought from them or that a blind trust is put in images as once was done by the gentiles who placed their hope in idols (cf.Ps 135:15-18); but because the honour which is shown to them is referred to the original subjects which they represent. Thus, through these images which we kiss and before which we kneel and uncover our heads, we are adoring Christ and venerating the saints whose likeness these images bear.” (Neuner-Dupuis, “Christian Faith,” no.1257, pp.343- 344). b) Catholic practice The images are made and kept, in Catholic churches and homes, not as objects of worship but of veneration. Catholics “venerate” in them, not the paper, cloth, wood or metal in which they are engraved, but the persons which they represent 3. WHY IMAGES AT ALL? - Religious images serve as aids to the memory and the imagination; they remind us of Christ and his saints. Images are used in religious life as they are used in secular life. - Religious images enable us to focus our mind and attention when we pray. - Religious images serve the total human person. Human beings are a composite of the material and the spiritual. Images are used only as symbols to bring us into the presence of God or the saints. 4. RELIGIOUS IMAGES ARE USED EVEN BY THOSE WHO OPPOSE THEM If we were to take the words, “Do not make yourself any images,” as universally and absolutely binding, then we would reach an absurd conclusion: no painting, no drawing, no photograph, no photocopy, no film, no movie, no television, no video, no art, depicting religious persons! But the very Christian fundamentalists who reject images and statues of Jesus, Mary, and the saints, do have, in their literature and homes, images of Christ. According to their logic, they should abolish his image from their books and homes. Obviously, God has not forbidden the arts (sculpture or painting or photography or television), since the images shown in them are not intended to be worshipped or adored. These arts serve to develop the God-given skills of artists who show in their works the beauty and glory of God’s gifts (cf.Ex 31:3-6), and thereby lead people to glorify God. 5. WHAT ABOUT INVISIBLE IDOLS IN ONE’S LIFE? Col 5:3 : Sins of idolatory “That is why you must kill everything in you that is earthly: sexual vice, impurity, uncontrolled passion, evil desires and especially greed, which is the same thing as worshipping a false god”

BRING ALIVE THE WORD OF GOD TO BEAR FRUITS The gospel of John 1:1-3 says “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. …..and all things were made through him.” If the word is God who created everything, including us, then it would be appropriate to keep that word in our hearts like Mary. ​ The fitting place for the word of God should be in the person’s heart, mind, spirit, and soul and not in the “book.” The book is just a container to collect the word of God to be used for future but it lies there dormant. The real container or vessel for God’s words is the human person where it should live and should come alive. The end product of the word of God should always be the human person to whom it was addressed. Relationship between the human person and human word To understand better the relationship between the word of God and the human person, it is worth looking at the relationship between the human person and the human word. As human beings, we are gifted with the speech of a word. We communicate with other human beings and sometimes with other living beings in words. We express ourselves and our feelings through words. These words are our extension which goes out into the world. The Power of Words We communicate with the outside world through our words, and it is a powerful force given to us by God who created us in his image and likeness. (Gen 1:26-27). Our words have power. It has the power to do good or evil, to break or build, and to make happy or sad. Both ways we can use this tool for the good or detriment of others and ourselves. Words from others in our daily life Words do matter to us. Words are used in our relationships in family, office, community, and everywhere. Our relationship depends on our words and the words of others. We love and appreciate a person who uses words of love, affection, concern, care, motivation, courage, praise, thanks etc. Good words are effective for the speedy recovery of those who are sick. Beside them we also need positive words to keep us motivated and healthy What the word of God says about the human word There are scriptures from the old and new testaments telling us about the power of the human word. The power of the word is given to us by God and we are responsible for it how we use it. The word of God warns us against the wrong use of our words. James in his letter says “tongue is a small member, yet it boasts of great things. How great a forest is set ablaze by such a small fire.” (Jam 3:5). The small member of our body, the tongue can cause great damage to others. We should always be careful with our words before we speak because we are accountable for words which can do good or harm to other. There is no doubt why Jesus said, “on the day of judgment people will give account for every careless word they speak.”(Mt 12:36). It is we who are responsible for others' well-being and destruction. What the scientific community say about the power of human word What the word of God has said already in the Scripture about the power of human words, scientific studies now confirm it. Some of the studies show the power of words and their effect on physical and mental well-being. It shows that positive and negative words not only affect us on a deep psychological level, but they have a significant impact on the outcome of our lives. There are other scientific experiment that says our words affect things like water, plants and other living beings. The Power of the Spoken Word Human beings have always expressed words in oral and written form. But the oral or spoken word is more effective than the written word. In the spoken word we see the words lively and effective. This form is used very effectively by teachers, preachers, orators, politicians, salespersons and actors to communicate and convince listeners. If the person is a good speaker, it is more effective. The more you master this skill more you are effective. The Oral Word of God in the Scripture The oral tradition of the Scripture shows us the powerful impact of the oral word of God in the life of the church. The word of God first existed in the oral form. The written word of God is a record of the oral word of God for the future generation. In case of Jesus we see him speaking to his people orally. At the later stage, his spoken words were put down in writing for the benefit of his future followers. ​ We see the wonderful thing about the oral word of God in the first four centuries of the church. The believers without the written word of God were more effective and powerful in converting people to the Lord than now with the whole written word of God in the Bible. The written word of God in the Bible came into existence at the end of the fourth century when the Church at the Council of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397) declared 73 books as inspired. The early believers had the good news in the oral form in their hearts and minds. Through these spoken words they performed powerfully wonders and miracles to draw more people to the Lord. How to bring alive the word of God to bear fruits in our life? If we need miracles to happen in our life, we need to bring alive the word of God from the Bible. This we do it by reading the word of God daily. By reading the Bible daily, we bring the words out from the Bible into our hearts, minds, spirits and souls. By reading the word of God we are shifting it from the written form into the oral form which was the original form of our Lord. ​ As the liturgy of the word in the Mass is a preparation for the liturgy of the bread, similarly daily reading of the word of God in our personal life will be preparation for rest of the day. The word of God meditated by us remains in our hearts and minds like the early believers which will help us to face any challenges of the day. The reading of the word of God should always be accompanied by prayer as Vat II in Dei Verbum 21 says “we speak to him when we pray; we listen to him when we read the divine oracles.” ​ Finally, do it as a daily exercise. Repeat some of the scripture passages which are comforting and edifying. When you feel low, the word of God will lift you. More than any human words, God’s word will be strong enough to motivate you. Instead of negative self-talk which keeps you back substitute it with the word of God which will help you to go through your day's journey. Do not allow anyone or anything around you to make you unhappy rather allow the Lord to make you happy for his words are very empowering to keep you happy.

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Holy Orders Ordination , or Holy Orders , is a sacrament that is available only to men who are being ordained as deacons , priests , or bishops . As with Baptism and Confirmation, the sacrament is said to convey a special indelible “character” on the soul of the recipient. During the rite a prayer and blessing is offered as a bishop lays his hands on the head of the man being ordained. In the case of the ordination of priests and bishops, this act confers the sacramental power to ordain (for bishops), baptize, confirm, witness marriages, absolve sins, and consecrate the Eucharist . Deacons can baptize, witness marriages, preach, and assist during the mass, but they cannot consecrate the Eucharist or hear confessions. With the exception of married deacons, an order restored by the Second Vatican Council , all ordained men are to be celibate . Bishops Bishops are successors of the apostles and, in their own dioceses, they are the chief teachers, sanctifiers and shepherds of God's people. Each bishop works in his particular diocese in a priestly, shepherding and teaching role. He possesses the fullness of the priesthood and so is the principal celebrant of the Sacraments HIS EMINENCE OSWALD CARDINAL GRACIAS FR. VINCENT BARBOZA Priest A priest is a man, taken from among men, who is consecrated by God for the sacred action of sanctification. The Catholic Priesthood was instituted by Christ at the Last Supper as a means by which those men whom He calls to stand in His place carry on His ministry in the world. Deacon There are two types of deacons in the Catholic Church: permanent deacons and transitional deacons. Permanent deacons are ordained to the Catholic Church and have no intentions of becoming a priest. Deacons may be married or single. However, if they are not married at the time they are ordained, they cannot marry after and are expected to live a life of celibacy. In the Archdiocese of Bombay we have 18 permanent deacons. Transitional deacons are those who become priests DEACON SEBASTIAN FERNANDES

Anointing of the Sick Anointing of the Sick, formerly known as Extreme Unction, is a sacrament that is administered to give strength and comfort to the ill and to mystically unite their suffering with that of Christ during his Passion and death. This sacrament can be given to those who are afflicted with serious illness or injury, those who are awaiting surgery , the weakened elderly, or to ill children who are old enough to understand its significance. A person can receive the sacrament as many times as needed throughout their life, and a person with a chronic illness might be anointed again if the disease worsens. The rite can be performed in a home or hospital by a priest , who prays over the person and anoints their head and hands with chrism (holy oil). The priest may also administer the sacrament of the Eucharist if the person has been unable to receive it and can hear a confession if so desired. If a person is at the point of death, the priest also administers a special Apostolic blessing in what is known as the Last Rites. Questions answered by Fr. Vincent Barboza on the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick Why Priest should be called as early as possible incase of a person who is critical or seriously ill? ​ Our Lord has made a provision for us in the last stage of our life on this earth and it is the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. When the doctors give up hope of saving the person or the person whom we love is fighting between life and death we should not delay in calling the Priest. This delay may cause the dying person whom we love from receiving the following graces: ​ THE UNITING OF THE SICK PERSON TO THE PASSION OF CHRIST THE GRACE TO ENDURE THE SUFFERINGS OF ILLNESS OR OLD AGE THE FORGIVENESS OF SINS THE RESTORATION OF HEALTH THE PREPARATION FOR PASSING OVER TO ETERNAL LIFE ​ Does God always heal? God does not always heal the physical infirmities that afflict us. Paul preached to the Galatians while he was afflicted by a “bodily ailment” (Gal 4:13-14). He mentions about his companion Trophimus who is too sick to travel (2 Tim 4:20. Paul also urges his young protege to “no longer drink only water, but to use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments” (1 Tim 5:23) ​ Notice that Paul does not tell Timothy to pray harder and have more faith that God will heal him from his stomach ailment. Rather, he tells him how to manage the illness through medicinal means. Neither do we believe that healing does not happen. It does happen but according to God’s will (Jas 4;14-15). Sometime he heals instantaneously and sometime slowly (Mk 8:22-26)

Confirmation Confirmation is the third sacrament of initiation and serves to "confirm" a baptized person in their faith. In our Archdiocese the Sacrament of Confirmation is administer at the age of 16 and above. For adult converts it is performed immediately after baptism . A bishop or priest normally performs the rite, which includes the laying on of hands in prayer and blessing and the anointing of the forehead with chrism (holy oil) with the words, ”Be sealed with the gifts of the Holy Spirit.” In so "sealing" that person as a member of the church, the outward rite of confirmation signifies the inner presence of the Holy Spirit , who is believed to provide the strength to live out a life of faith. The Sacrament of Confirmation administered by Bishop Bosco Penha when Fr. Vincent Barboza was the Parish Priest of Our Lady of the Forsaken Church, Malad West, Mumbai The bishop is the ordinary minister of Confirmation. For pastoral reasons he may delegate a priest to administer the sacrament.